SPOTTED AND BARRED PATTERNS. 615 
3. Turdus pallasi, 
4. Turdus wilsoni, 
5. Turdus mustelinus, 
6. Turdus migratorius. 
Of these the first four breed north of us, the last two breed with us and southward. Of 
the spotted Thrushes, the most southern one, T. mustelinus, has the spots darkest and 
most definite; and comparing all of them with the young Robin, we are forced to the 
conclusion that the first four species are of the same pattern of plumage and nearly 
equal developement of that pattern,,while the Wood Thrush is of the same pattern 
in a higher state of developement. In the case of the adult Robin, it is plainly seen: 
that it has out-grown a pattern of coloration which is permanent in the other species. 
Of the Wrens, we have five or six species, all of which exhibit the barred type of 
plumage in greater or lesser degree of perfection. I arrange them as the Thrushes were 
arranged. 
1. Anorthura troglodytes, var. hyemalis, 
Cistothorus stellaris, 
. Telmatodytes palustris, 
Troglodytes aédon, 
Thryothorus ludovicianus, 
6. Thryothorus bewickii. 
Of the six species inhabiting this State the last, Bewick’s Wren, 7. bewickii, is not 
known to extend so far northward as this city. The first named, the Winter Wren, A. 
troglodytes, is not positively known to breed within our limits though it probably does 
so in northern Ohio. Of the other four the Houses Wren, 7. aedon, and the Carolina 
Wren, 7. ludovicianus, both breed here, the latter being at or near its northern limit 
and a constant resident, while the former is migratory. The Long- and Short-billed 
Marsh Wrens, Z. palustris and C. stellaris probably both breed in suitable places in this 
latitude, though not known to do so here or southward in this State; both breed in 
northern Ohio. 
In the Winter Wren the barred plumage extends over the back, belly, wings and 
tail. In the two migratory Marsh Wrens the barring is confined to wings, tail and 
under tail-coverts. In the House Wren it is present on wings, tail, back, flanks and 
under tail-coverts. In the Carolina Wren and Bewick’s Wren confined to wings, tail 
and under tail-coverts, while in the last species the barring becomes a definite deepening 
and extension of the colors into black and white areas on the outer tail feathers. So 
that while all the birds of this family are barred, the more southern forms have only 
partly outgrown the pattern which remains permanent in northern species. 
In the Sparrows (Fringillide) we have a large family, one of the characteristics of 
which is that most of its members have temporarily or permanently a streaked plumage. 
Of the members of this family found in the State, all the young, so far as known, are 
more or less streaked except those of Pinicola enucleator, Chrysomitris tristis and Cardi- 
nalis virginianus. The adults of these three species are never streaked. 
In the following we have a different color and pattern according to sex, the adult 
males having passed through and beyond the condition permanent in the female, which 
is always streaked. ! 
1. Carpodacus purpurens, 
2. Loxia curvirostra, 
3. Loxia leucoptera, 
4. Goniaphea ludoviciana, 
np ww 
