GLOSSARY. : 623 
Fuliginous. Sooty-brown ; dark smoky brown. 
Fulvous. Of a brownish-yellow color. 
Furcate. Worked; forficate. 
Fuscous. Of a dark-brown color. 
G 
Gape. Opening of the mouth; area of the open mouth. 
Gasireum. ‘The whole under part cf the bird. _ 
Genus. An assemblage of species, or a single species, constituting a taxonomic group of 
value next below that of the family. 
Gibbous. Swollen; protuberant; humped. 
Gonydeal. Pertaining to the mandibular symphysis. 
Gonys Keel or lower outline of the bill as far as the mandibular rami are united. 
Gorget. Throat-patch, distinguished by color or texture of the feathers. 
Graduated. Changing length at regular intervals, in regular succession ; said chiefly of 
the tail when its feathers regularly shorten successively by more and more from the 
middle to the outer. | 
Granulate. Roughened with numerous small elevations. 
Greater Wing-coverts. The single, longest, most posterior series of the secondary set. 
Ground-color. The color of the general surface of the egg-shell, as distinguished from its 
markings. 
Gular. Pertaining to the upper foreneck. 
Guttate. Having drop-shaped spots. 
H 
Habitat. Locality or region frequented by a species ; its geographical distribution. 
Hallux The hindtoe. The name is retained even when the hind toe is brought areund 
to the front. When the toes are in pairs it is the inner of the two hind ones excepi in 
Trogonide. In the genus Picoides the actual single hind toe is not the hallux but the 
fourth toe reversed, there being no hallux. This too may always be recognized by 
presence of not more than two joints. It isthe one usually wanting in three-tced 
birds, and is frequently rudimentary or functionless, even when present. Its large 
size, with largest claw, and specialization of its flexor muscle, marks the passerine or 
highest group of birds. 
Hexagonal. Having six sides and edges. 
Hoary. Of a pale silvery-gray. 
I 
Identification. Act or process of determining to what species a specimen or a name 
belongs ; the determination so made. 
Imbricated. Fixed shingle-wise with overlapping edge or end. 
Immaculate. Unspotted ; not marked with different colors. 
Immature. Not having yet assumed final size, shape, color, or other conditions of the 
adult. 
Imperforate. Not pierced through; alse closed up (said chiefly of the nostrils), 
Incised. Cut out; cut away. 
Incumbent, Depressed or bending down upon something; laid at full length; chiefly 
said of the hind toe when its whole length rests upon the ground or other support owing 
to its low insertion on the level of the rest. 
