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GLOSSARY. 627 
Reticulate. Marked with a network of lines. 
Retractile. Susceptible of being drawn back and driven forward as a hawk’s claw. 
Retrices. Quills of the tail. 
Rictus. Gape of the mouth. 
Rounded (tail). Having the central feathers longest, the rest successively gradually and 
slightly shorter. A tail is double-rounded when, with central feathers shorter than the 
next, therest are graduated as before. 
Rudimentary. Undeveloped; imperfectly elaborated; existing only in its beginnings. 
Ruff. Set of lengthened or otherwise modified or peculiarly colored feathers around the 
throat or whole neck. 
Rugose. Wrinkled. 
Rump. ‘The lower back. R 
Saggitate. Arrow-head shape; an elongated cordate figure with pointed lobes. 
Scabrous. Scabby; scurfy; scaly. Said of a surface roughened as if in such manner. 
Scansorial. Capable of climbing, as a woodpecker. 
Scapular, Scapulars. The feathers growing in an oblique line across the humerus. They 
fill what would otherwise be an interval between the wing and the body. 
Schizognathous. Having the palate bones separated. 
Scuiellum, pl. Scutella. Any one of the divisions into which the podotheca may be broken 
up by regular lines of impression ; especially such divisions when large and in regular 
vertical series; various smaller divisions being called reticulations. Scutella occur 
especially on the anterior face of the tarsus and top of the toes; often also on 
the back of the tarsus; sometimes they completely encircle the tarsus. When thus 
large, some ornithologists call them scuta ; then using sculella for the smaller irregular 
reticulations. Scutella are sometimes obsolete. 
Secondary-coverts. Tho small wing-feathers growing from the forearm and its region, 
overlying the bases of the secondary quills. 
Secondary Quills or Secondaries. Quills growing upon the forearm, 
Semipalmate. Half-webbed; having a basal webbing between the front toes not reach- 
ing to their ends. 
Serrate. Toothed like a saw. 
Speculum. Mirror; brightly colored area on the secondaries, especially of ducks. 
Spurious. False; bastard; imperfect; rudimentary. 
Spurious Quill. The first primary when very short. 
Steganopodous. Having all four toes fully webbed. 
Suffrago. The tibio-tarsal joint ; the heel joint. 
Sulcus. A groove or channel. 
Superciliary. Pertaining to region of eye-brow, as a streak of color over the eye. 
Syndactyle. Having two toes immovably coherent for a considerable distance. 
Synonym. A different word of the same or similar meaning. 
Syrinz. The lower larynx, situate at the bottom of the trachea, at the fork of the 
bronchi. The vocal organ of birds. 
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Tail-coverts. The small feathers underlying or overlying the base of the tail. 
Tarso-metatarsus. The morphologically correct term for the segment, commonly called 
the tarsus in descriptive ornithology—that bone reaching from the tibia to the toes, 
and which is really nearly all metatarsus, but has at its top one of the small tarsal 
