408 AMPHIBIA—RANIDA. 
GENUS RANA. Linneus. 
Tongue oblong, deeply notched behind, and free posteriorly and laterally; vomerine 
teeth between the inner nares; eustachian tubes large; tympanum prominent; eyes 
large; fingers distinct, fourth not opposable to the others; males usually with two lat- 
eral vocal sacs. 
The eggs in our species are almost mature in the fall, so that animals can and do pair 
and oviposit in one to two days after awaking from hybernation. 
* Dorsal region, with large, distinct spots. b. 
* Dorsal region, with small spots, or none. a. 
a. Tympanum small, seven or less millimeters in diameter. . 
a. Tympanum usually, eight or more millimeters in diameter, and when smaller, 
temple without black band, and back not vermiculated with whiteor yellow. d. 
b. Males with an internal vocal sac on each side; dorsal spots roundish and usually 
arranged somewhat irregularly. : : . 5 5 R. HALECINA. 
b. Males without vocal sacs; dorsal and lateral spots usually quadrate and ar- 
ranged in four distinct rows, with other external ones irregular. 
R. PALUSTRIS. 
c. Temple, with a large black spot. : . : : R. TEMPORARIA. 
c, Temple without such spot; color above, greenish olive, with sinuations or 
vermiculations of white or yellow; extralimital; New York, Okak, Labra- 
dor and Yukon River to Minnnesota, Montana and Utah. 
Ri. SEPTENTRIONALIS. 
d. Dorso-lateral cutaneous folds distinct, : : R. CLAMITANS, 
d. Dorso-lateral cutaneous folds wanting or indistinct, ‘ R. CATESBYANA. 
RANA HALECINA Kalm, 
Leopard Fregs. 
Rana halecina, Katm, Daupin, MerreM, HARLAN, TSCHUDI, DUMERIL and BIBRON, 
HoLBRooK, HALLOWELL, LAURENTI, STORER, DEKAY, ALLEN, COPE, JORDAN, GUN- 
THER, V@RRILL. 
Rana pipiens, GMELIN, SHAW, SCHNEIDER, LECONTE. 
Rana palustris, GMELIN. 
Rana berlandieri, BAIRD. 
Rana melanotus, RAFINESQUE. 
Rana areolata, BAIRD and GIRARD (?). 
Rana capite, LECONTE. 
Rana utricularia, HARLAN. 
Color above varying from light to dark green or brown; dorsal and lateral spots 
large, black, often margined with yellow, sub-circular or elongated, quadrate, and often 
arranged in two, but rarely more, distinct rows, and when in more than two rows, then 
with spots placed irregularly between ; abdomen varying from white to yellow or dusky ; 
legs above with transverse bars or blotches of black, which often have a yellow margin ; 
thighs granulated posteriorly; femur shorier than tibia; toes and fingers, with tuber-— 
eles at the joints; tympanum, green, about seven millimeters in diameter; vomerine 
teeth in two, almost circular, slightly elevated patches ; inner nares large, more widely 
separated than the outer; snout rather pointed ; nostrils lateral, about midway between 
