G1i AMPHIBIA——PROTEID&. 
* Genus MENOBRANCHUS. Harlan. 
Necturus, RAFINESQUE, WAGLER, COPE, GRAY. 
Phanerobranchus, FITZINGER. 
Upper jaw with two curved rows of teeth, the posterior row nearly parallel with, and 
much longer than the anterior, situated upon the front edge of the vomer and lateral 
processes of the pterygoid; lower jaw with a single series of teeth, which lock between 
the two upper; tongue ovate, large, fleshy, free anteriorly and laterally ; toes distinct, 
four in front and four behind; body short and thick; tail short, much compressed. 
TMENOBRANCHUS LATERALIS Say. 
Mud Puppy, Water Dog or Dog Fish. 
Protie tetradactyle, LACKPEDE. 
Triton lateralis, SAY. 
Necturus maculosus, maculatus, luteus, and fuscus, RAFINESQUE. 
Necturus lateralis, COPE, JORDON. 
Menobranchus lateralis, HARLAN, DEKAY. 
Sirena maculosa, RAFINESQUE. 
Phanerobranchus cepedii, FITZINGER. 
Siredon hyemalis, KNEELAND, and the following probably : 
Necturus maculatus, BAIRD. 
Proteus maculatus, BARNES. 
Menobranchus maculatus, HOLBROOK. 
Menobranchus punctatus, GIBBES. 
Necturus punctatus, Copy. 
Body cylindrical, smooth, brownish, with darker spots and often a lateral line; head 
broad, depressed; eyes moderate; nostrils small; muzzle truncate; teeth large and 
conical ; gular fold very strongly developed ; gills red, three on each side. Length, 14 
feet. 
Habitat, Santee River?, Ohio, Alleghany, and Hudson Rivers, the Great Lakes, Lake 
Champlain and Portage Lake. ‘‘ Arkansas.” 
This species has not been heretofore reported from the Hudson River, 
but last spring while visiting the Natural History Society, at Pough- 
keepsie, N. Y., my friend, Dr. W. G. Stevenson, called my attention to 
* Although this genus had been previously called in a vague manner by various names 
such as Proteus, Salamandra, Triton, and Necturus, Dr. Harlan first clearly elucidated its 
characters, and as his name has become well-known its retention is deemed proper and 
it is accordingly inserted here. 
+ Dr. Barton considered this to be a young Menopoma alleghaniensis, to which its skull 
bears such arelation as might be expected between larva and adult, but its geographical 
distribution is quite different and it is hardly possible that the adult, if existing in the 
region of the lakes could have been overlooked. 
Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, vol. vi, expresses the opinion that this is a 
larval Spelerpes, and changes to that as Siredon to Amblystoma. However, it has never 
yet been transformed. 
