718 AMPHIBIA—SALAMANDRIDA. 
crotchet; toes, four in front, five behind, never palmate; tongue fleshy, round or long, 
centrally attached, with lateral and anterior margins free; quadrato-jugal bone want- 
ing ; skin smooth, slimy, perforated with mucous pores, especially above the orbits and 
in the parotid region ; costal furrows strongly marked ; tail short, round to oval at the 
base, but compressed towards the extremity ; vertebrae amphiceslous ; parasphenoid not 
dentigerous ; orbitosphenoid and pro-otic separated by membranes; posterior margins 
of palatines bearing the teeth ; carpus, tarsus, and basi-hyal ossified in adults. 
Spots large, very different from the usual color. a. 
Spots none, minute, or nearly uniform with the ground color. 1. 
a. Plantar tubercles two. h. 
a. Plantar tubercles indistinct or none. OD. 
b. Costal grooves 14; vomerine series of teeth two. /f. 
b. Costal grooves iz. e¢. 
b. Costal grooves 11; vomerine series of teeth 3. c. 
b. Costal grooves10 ; vomerine series of teeth 3; extralimital, Georgia, Louisiana, 
and Illinois. : 6 : A. TALPOIDEUM. 
ce. Color black ; spots or bande large ; rates series of teeth concave behind or 
straight. d. 
c. Color plumbeous ; spots small ; median series of teeth convex behind ; extra- 
limita, 5 6 : A, CONSPERSUM. 
d. Back with transverse bands a gray. . : , ; . A, OPACUM, 
d. Back without transverse bands of gray. . . . . <A. PUNCTATUM. 
e. Womerine series of teeth 3; canthus rostralis distinct; back with a gray 
line. . ° : A. MACRODACTYLUM. 
e. Vomerine series of teeth two; canthus rostralis none; no gray dorsal line; 
extralimital, A. TENEBROSUM. 
f. Canthus rostralis wanting. g. 
f. Canthus rostralis distinctly marked ; extralimital. . . A. TEXANUM. 
g. Back and tail with gray rings or bands; extralimital, South Carolina. 
A. CINGULATUM. 
g. Back piumbeous; sides spotted. ; ; ; é A. MICROSTOMUM. 
h. Costal grooves twelve, %. 
h. Oostal grooves eleven ; vomerine series of teeth three ; extralimital, New Jersey. 
A. BICOLOR. 
Tail shorter than body ; canthus rostralis wanting. 7. 
i. Tail longer than body ; canthus rostralis distinct. . . . . . A. XIPHIAS. 
j. Vomerine teeth in a nearly continuous line. &. 
j. Vomerine teeth in four distinct patches; extralimital ; New Mexico. 
A. TRISRUPTUM. 
t. 
k. Nares inequidistant; yellow spots usually small. . .- A TIGRINUM. 
k. Nares equidistant; yellow spots large; extralimital, Dakota, Montana, 
California, Nebraska, New Mexico, and Mexico. . A. MAVORTIUM. 
1. Plantar tubercles indistinct or none. m. 
1. Plantar tubercles two, distinct; extralimital,lowa. . . . . A. OBSCURUM. 
m. Costal grooves twelve or more. 12. 
Costal grooves eleven ; extralimital, Vancouver’s Island and Washington 
Me 
§ . : , A, PAROTICUM. 
Territory. : 5 j : 6 
Vomerine series of teeth three, extending to exterior of nares. 
A. JEFFERSONIANUM. 
No 
