FOUR-TOED SALAMANDER. 123 
and limbs of the V curve; tail, oval, crestless, grooveless, longer than the body, com- 
pressed from the base and not elevated ; digits triangular, depressed; length, 114 inches; 
tail, 6 inches; head to cervical fold, 1 inch; breadth of head, 68 inch. 
Habitat, Columbus, Ohio. 
GzeNUsS PLETHODON. Tschudi. 
Phatnomatorhina, BrsRoN. 
Plethodon and Desmognathus, BAIRD, COPE. 
Vomerine teeth in two patches, one behind each of the inner nares, rarely wanting ; 
sphenoidals numerous in two almost quadrilateral groups; tongue large, round, or oval, 
entire or slightly‘notched behind, adherent in front, and centrally, laterally and poste- 
riorly free; skin, smooth; body, cylindrical; tail, round, tapering to the tip; toes, 
four in front and five behind ; premaxillaries, two. 
With the exception of Plethodon persimilis, the exact position of which is doubtful, 
the following table will serve for the determination of the species: 
* Sphenoidal teeth in two medially contiguous groups; vomerine patches separated by 
a distinct interval. a. 
* Sphenoidal teeth in two not contiguous groups; vomerines often approximated. d. 
a, Color cinereous; dorsal band red, rarely wanting. 6. 
a, Color black; dorsal band always wanting. c. 
d. Costal furrows thirteen or less; muzzle truncate; vomerine series of teeth 
medially approximated. e. 
d. Costal furrows fourteen or more; muzzle round ; vomerines few or none, ff. 
b. Costal furrows sixteen or more. . . ° . . FP, ERYTHRONOTUS. 
b. Costal furrows fourteen, extralimital; California to Vancouver's Island. 
P. INTERMEDIUS. 
ce, Costal furrows fourteen, with irregular gray blotches. P. GLUTINOSUS. 
ce, Costal furrows twelve; color uniform black; extralimital, Massachusetts, 
New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Louis- 
jana. ; : : 6 : : : 5 Ses P. NIGER. 
e. Plantar tubercles two, in front; spots minute; extralimital ; Oregon to Cal- 
ifornia. ° ° ° 6 6 5 6 P. OREGONENSIS. 
e. Plantar Paperclee a none ; spots large, orange ; extralimital; Lower California, 
P. CROCEATER. 
f. Dorsal band wanting’; dots red or none; toes long; body marbled below. 
P. FUSCUS. 
Color above, brown, muzzle yellowish, limbs and tail orange brown; upper surface 
with black spots on each side scattered irregularly ; beneath white, with pitchy black 
spots, especially numerous in the gular region; head large; muzzle obtuse; eyes not 
very prominent; iris yellow; pupil black; gular fold well developed; costal furrows 
well marked; skin of the back similarly cut, making it resemble scuts; body cylin- 
drical, short ; limbs slender ; tail round at base, compressed distally, equal to and some- 
times twice the length of the body. Length 2 3-5 inches. 
Habitat, Rhode Island to South Carolina. Illinois, and the Gulf of Mexico. 
_ Not yet recorded from Ohio, but inserted here on account of its extralimital range. 
It has been found in April under old logs and rails in open woods, at some distance from 
the water, and was very quick and lively in its movements. 
