802 FISHES—CATOSTOMIDZA. 
ARTIFICAL KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF TELEOCEPHALI FOUND IN OHIO. 
*Ventral fins present, abdominal. 
+t Rayed dorsal fin single; no spines. 
a. Adipose fin present. 
b. Scales ctenoid; lateral margins of upper jaw formed by pre-maxillaries alone. 
PERCOPSIDA, 14. 
bb, Scajes cyeloid ; lateral margins of upper jaw formed by maxillaries. 
SALMONIDA. 13. 
aa. Adipose fin wanting. 
c. Abdomen compressed to a sharp edge, which is armed with hard plates or 
serratures. 
d. Mouth small, the upper jaw the longer; maxillary simple. 
DOROSOMATIDE. 10. 
dd. Mouth rather large, the jaws about equal; maxillary in three parts. 
CLUPEIDZ. 11. 
cc. Abdomen not serrated. 
e. Jaws toothless; pharyngeals falciform. 
f. Dorsal rays 11 or more; pharyngeal teeth very numerous in a single row. — 
CATOSTOMIDE, 8. 
Jf. Dorsal rays 7 to 9; pharyngeal teeth few. . . . . CYPRINIDA. 9. 
ee. Jaws with teeth. 
g. Vent normal, behind the ventrals; eyes developed. 
h. Head naked ; teeth strong; scales large, silvery. HYODONTIDA. 12. 
hh. Head scaly more or less; dorsal fin inserted posteriorly, opposite anal or 
nearly so. 
i. Upper jaw not protractile. 
j. Jawa very long, armed with strong unequal, movable teeth. 
Esociwz. 18. 
jj. Jaws short, armed with bands of small teeth... UMBRID&. 17. 
ti. Upper jaw extremely protractile ; head flattened above; mouth small ; 
caudal rounded. . : : 6 .  CYPRINODONTIDA. 16. 
gg. Vent jugular, before the ventral fins; eyes concealed. 
AMBLYOPSIDA. 15. 
++ Rayed dorsal fins two, the anterior of a few feeble spines; body elongate, with a 
silvery lateral band. j : 6 : . : ATHERINIDE, 19. 
**Ventral fins present, thoracic or jugular. 
a. Skin covered with scales. 
b. Anterior three or more rays of dorsal fin spinous; ventrals thoracic. 
ce. Dorsal with more than five spines. 
d. Vomer with teeth. 
e. Branchicstegal 7; dorsal fins two; preopercle wanting. 
PERCIDZ, 24, 
ee. Branchiostegals 6; preopercle neariy or quite entire. 
f. Anal spines one or two; dorsal fins two. . ETHEOSTOMATIDZ. 23. 
tf. Anal spines three to nine; dorsal fin continuous. 
CENTRARCHIDE. 22. 
dd. Vomer toothless; anal spines two. 
g. Second anal spine not larger than first. . . HKTHEOSTOMATIDZ, 23. 
