808 FISHES—CATOSTOMID A. - 
?? Carpiodes taurus, AGASsiz, Am. Journ. Sei. Arts, 1854, 355. (Not identifiable. ) 
?? Bubalichthys taurus, AGAssiz. Am. Journ. Sci. Art, 2d series, xix, 1855, 193.—JORDAN 
and COPELAND, Check List, 1876, 158. 
?? Carpiodes vitulus, AGASs1Z, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1854, 356, (Not identifiable. ) 
?? Bubulichthys vitulus, AGASSIZ, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 2d series, xix, 1855, 193.—JORDAN 
and COPELAND, Check List, 1376, 153.—JorDaNn and GiLBesRT, in Klippart’s Rept., 
1876, 53. 
Sclerognathus urus, GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, Brit. Mus., vii, i868, 22. 
Icthyobus cyanellus, NELSON, Bull. No.1, Ills Mas. Nat. Hist., 1876, 49.—JoRDAN and COoPE- 
LAND, Check List, 1376, 158 —Jorpan, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877, 73; Man. 
Vert., 2d Ed., 1878, 323.—JorDAN and GiLBeRT, io Klippart’s Rept., 1876, 53. 
Bubalichthys alius, Nevson, MSS, 1877,—JorpDaAN, Pros Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877, 73; Man. 
Vert., 2d Ed., 1878, 324. 
Bubalichthys bubalinus, JORDAN, Ball U.S. Nat. Mas., ix, 1867, 50; Man. Vert., 2d Ed., 
1878, 325. 
Description —Body considerably elevated and compressed above; the dorsal region 
subcarinate, belly thicker; depth 24 to 22 in length; axis of body above the ventrals 
below the lateral line and nearly twice as far from the back as from the belly; head 
moderate, triangular in outline when viewed from the side, four in length; eye equal 
te snout, four to five in length of head, much larger than in B. urus; mouth quite 
smali, notably smaller and more inferior than in B. urus ; mandible about equal to eye; 
dorsal fin elevated in front and rapidly declined, the highest ray reaching much 
beyond the middle of the fin, the seventh ray about half the length of the third or 
longest; anal rays rapidly shortened behind, the middle rays much shorter than the first 
long ones; scales 8-39-6; dorsal 29; anal 10; ventrals 10; coloration paler, the lower 
fins slightly dusky. | 
Habitat, Mississippi Valley, abundant in the larger streams. 
Diagnosis—This species has the highest back and smallest mouth of 
any of the Buffalo fishes. 
Habits. —Its habits are indentical with those of B. urus and Ichthyobus 
bubalus. It reaches about the same size as the others, and is of similar 
value as food. 
GENUS 16. CARPIODES. Rafinesque. 
Carpiodes, RAFINESQUE, Ich. Oh., 1820, £6. (As subgenus of Catostomus.) 
Sclerognathus, VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. des Poissons, xvii, 1844, 472. 
Type, Catostomus cyprinus, LeSueur. 
Etymology, Latin carpio, a carp; 1.e., carp-like. 
Head comparatively short and deep, sometimes conic, sometimes blunt, its length 
ranging from 34 to 5 in that of the body, its upper surface always rounded ; eye moder- 
ate, median or anterior in position; suborbital bones weil developed, their depth more 
than half that of the fleshy portion of the cheek below; fontanelle always present, well 
developed; mouth always small, horizontal and inferior, the mandible less than one- 
third the length of the head, the lips thin, the upper protractile, narrow, the lower 
quite narrow, V-shaped, or rather U-shaped, behind; both lips feebly plicate or nearly 
smooth, the plice often more or less broken up; jaws without cartilaginous sheath ; 
muciferous system moderately developed ; opercular apparatus wel! developed, the sub- 
