836 FISHES—CYPRINIDZA. 
Body moderately elongated, little compressed ; mouth normal, the jaws with a hard 
sheath ; premaxillaries protractile; no barbel; teeth 4-4 or 1, 4-4, 0, with oblong grind-. 
ing surface and but little hook; air-bladder suspended in the abdominal cavity, and 
entirely surrounded by many convolutions of the long alimentary canal; herbivorous; 
sexual difference very great; scales moderate; lateral line present; dorsal nearly over 
ventrals; anal basis short; no spines. The singular-arrangement of the intestine in re- 
lation to the air-bladder is peculiar to Camposioma among all known fishes. Several 
species are known, all American ; fishes of moderate size and bright colors, swarming in 
the brooks and rock-pools of the interior of the United States. 
50. CAMPOSTOMA ANOMALUM (Rafinesque) Agassiz. 
Stome Roller; Stome-toter; Steel-backed Minnow. 
Rutilus anomalum, Ray., Ich. Oh., 1820, 52. 
Campostoma anomalum, AGASSIz, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1€55, 218—JoRDAN, Ann. Lye. 
Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1876, 325, and of most writers. 
Exoglossum lesueurianum, KIRTLAND, Rept. Zool. Ohio, 1838, 169, 193 (not of Raf.). 
Exoglossum spinicephalum, Cuv. et VAL., xvii, 1844, 489. 
Exoglossum dubium, KiRTLAND, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., v, 1842, 272. 
Campostoma dubium, COPE, Cyp. Penn., 1866, 395.-GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., vii, 
1868, 1&3. 
Chondrostoma pullum, AGassizZ, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1854, 357. 
Campostoma formosulum, GIRARD, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 176; U. S. Mex. 
Bound. Surv. Ich., 1859, 41. 
Campostoma hippops, callipteryx, mormyrus, and gobioninum, CoprE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se2., 
Phila., 1864, 284. 
Description.— Body oblong, moderately compressed, the back somewhat elevated ; the 
head moderate, rounded above, with nearly vertical cheeks; mouth moderate, subin- 
ferior; scales deep, rather small and crowded anteriorly ; fins moderate, the dorsal fin 
nearly over the ventrals ; color brownish or nearly black, with a brassy lustre above, 
the scales more or less mottled with dark; a dark vertical bar behind operele; iris 
usually orange ; dorsal and anal each with a dusky cross-bar about half way up, the 
rest of the fin olivaceous, or, in spring males, fiery orange; males in spring with the head 
and often the whole body covered with rather large rounded tubercles; in no other 
American fish are the nuptial appendages so extensively developed; head 44; depth 
44; D. 8; A.7; lat. 1.53; teeth 4-4. Length 4 to 8 inches. 
Habitat, Western New York to Minnesota and southwest to the Rio Grande. 
Diagnosis.—This fish may be known from all other of our minnows by 
the great length and peculiar arrangement of the intestines. 
Habits.—This species is extremely abundant in every stream in Ohio. 
It spawns early in spring, and it ascends in great numbers all the run- 
ning streams, even the very smallest. Later it retires to the deeper 
places in the creeks, where it may be readily recognized by its quick 
motions and dusky colors. Most of the specimens seen are comparatively 
small, but occasionally an old male may be noticed in the spring, with 
