RED-BELLIED MINNOW. 837 
its entire body rough and gray with tubercles, and with its vertical fins 
gaily variegated with black and orange. Such individuals appear to 
have exhausted their vitality and die quickly in confinement, and are 
often found dead. Young individuals are active and hardy in the 
aquarium, where they feed on conferve and diatoms. 
The Stone Roller is too small to be of any value as food, but with other 
of cur larger Cyprinoids, is caught and valued by small boys. 
GENUS 27. CHKOSOMUS. Rafinesque. 
Chrosomus, RAFINESQUE, Ichthyclogia, 1820, 47. 
Type, Luxilus erythrogaster, Ratinesque. 
Kty mology, chkres, color; soma, body. 
Body moderately elongate, little compressed ; jaws normal; no barbels; teeth 4 5 or 
5-5 moderately hooked, with oblong grinding surface; alimentary canal about twice 
as leng as the body; peritoneum more or Jess black; scales very small; lateral line short 
or wanting; dorsal behind ventrals; anal basis short; size small; colors in spring 
brilliant. The brilliant little fishes which compose this genus, bear a superficial re- 
semblance to the species of Phoxinus but their relation is probably nearer Pimephales and 
Hybegnathue. All are American. 
Ol. CHROSOMUS ERYTHROGASTER Rafinesque. 
Red-bellied Minnow. é 
Luxilus erythrogaster, RAFINESQUS, Ich. Oh., 1820, 47.—KIRTLAND, Rept. Zoul. Oh , 169; 
Bost. Joarn. Nat. Hist., 1844, iv, 23. 
Chrosomus erythrogaster, Rar, Ich. Oh, 1820, 47.—AGassiz, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts., 1854, 
359, (?) 1855 (reprint).— PUTNAM, Bull. M. C. Z, 1863, 8—Copr, Cyp. Penn., 1566, 
3891; Journ. Phila. Acad. Sci., 1869, 233.—JorDAN, Man. Vert, 2d Ed., 1871, 302, 
and of most authors. 
Leuciscus erythrogaster, STORER, Synopsis, 1846, 410.—GuNTHER, Cat Fishes, Vil, 247. 
? Chrosomus cos, COPE, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., 1868, 233.—GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, vii, 248. 
—JORDAN, Man. Vert, 1876, 284. 
Chrosomus pyrrhogaster, JORDAN, Bull. Buff. Nat. Hist. Soc., 1876, 94; Man. Vert. 284. 
(Proposed for C. erythrogaster, Auct., the C. erythrogaster of Raf. being perhaps C. eos. 
It is best however to foilow the prevailing nomenclature.) | 
Description — Body oblong, tapering each way from the middle, little compressed ; head 
moderate, rather pointed ; mouth moderate, terminal, oblique, the jaws about equal ; fins 
rather small, the dorsal and anal fin rather high and short; caudal long; scales quite 
small, firmly attached but not much imbricated ; lateral line developed for less than 
half the length ot the body; color brownish olive, with a dusky dorsal line, and often 
some blackish spots; two black lateral bands. as above described, between these 
bright silvery area; belly below the lower band abruptly silvery; females obscurely 
marked ; males in the spring with the belly and the interspace between the lateral bands 
bright scarlet ; base of the vertical fins also bright scarlet ; in high coloration the body 
is everywhere minutely tuberculate, and the fins are bright yellow; head 44; depth 44; 
D.7; A. 8; lat. 1.85; teeth usually 5-5, sometimes 4-5. Length, two to three inches. 
