- HORNY-HEAD. 861 
82. CERATICHTHYS BIGUTTATUS (Kirtland) Girard. 
Horny-head; Horned Dace; River Chub; Jerker. 
Catostomus melanotus, RAF{INESQUE, Ich. Oh., 1820, 56. 
. Ceratichthys melanotus, JORDAN, Man. Vert., 1875, 278. 
. Semotilus biguttatus, KIRTLAND, Bost. Joura. Nat. Hist., iii, 1840, 344. 
Leuciscus biguttatus, DEKayY, Fishes N. Y., 1842, 214.—SToRER, Synopsis, 413. 
. Ceratichthys biguttatus, BAIRD and GIRARD, Proc Phila. Acad. Sci., 1856, 213 —PuTNaM, 
Bull. M. C. Z., 1863, 8.—Cop#, Cyp. Penn., 1866, 366; Journ. Phila. Acad. Sci., 1863, 
226; Pros. Am. Philos. Soc., 187U, 459.—GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mas, vii, 1738.— 
JORDAN, Ind. Geol. Survey, 1074, 223.—JORDAN and COPHLAND, Bull. Buff. 
Soc. Nat. Hist., 1-76, 149.—NkELSON, Ball. Ills. State Mus., 1876.—UHLER and LuG- 
GER, Fishes of Md., 144.—Coprs and Yarrow, Lieut. Wheeler’s Survey, 1076, and of 
most late writers. 
Nocomis biguttatus, COPE and Fer Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., 1877.—JORDAN, Ann. Lyc. 
Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1876, 355. 
 Leuciscus croceus, STORER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., July, 1845; Synopsis, 1846, 419.— 
Aaassiz, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1854, 359. 
Nocomis nebrascensis, GIRARD, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1856, 213; Pac. R. R. Surv., 
x, 1558, 254. 
Nocomis bellicus, GIRARD, Proc, Phila. Acad. Sci., 1856, 213. 
Ceratichthys cyclotis, COPE, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., 1864, 277; Cyp. Penn., 365; Proc. Am. 
Philos. Soc., 1874, 113.—GuUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, vii, 173. 
Ceratichthys stigmaticus, Cops, |. c., 366.—GUNTHER, 1. c. 
Description.—Body rather robust, not elevated, little compressed ; head large, rather 
‘broadly rounded above, the snout conical, bluntish ; mouth rather large, subterminal, 
little oblique, the lower jaw somewhat the shorter ; the upper lip somewhat below the 
level of the eye, and the maxillary not reaching to the front of the eye; eye small, 
median, very high up; suborbitals very narrow ; preorbitals large; fins moderate, the 
dorsal rather posterior, slightly behind the insertion of the ventrals; caudal broad, 
little forked ; scales large and nearly equal over the body, not crowded anteriorly ; 
eighteen rows in front of the dorsal ; lateral line rising opposite upper posterior angle 
of opercle, somewhat decurved ; color bluish olive, sides with bright green and coppery 
‘reflections ; a curved dusky bar behind the opercle; scales above with dark borders; 
belly pale, but not.silvery ; rosy in spring males; fins all pale orange, without black 
spots ; males in spring with a crimson spot on each side of the head ; the adults with the 
top of the head swollen, forming a sort of crest, which is sometimes a third of an inch 
higher than the level of the neck, and is covered with large tubercles; young witha 
dark caudal spot; barbel well developed; head 4; depth 45 ; D.8; A.7; scales 6 41-4; 
teeth 1, 4-4, Ll or 1, 4-4, 0. Length 6 to 9 inches. 
3 Habitat, Pennsylvania to Utah Basin, abundant in all streams north and south. 
Diagnosis.—This familiar species may in general be known by its 
large size and lack of silvery lustre, in connection with the presence of 
the barbel. It has no spot on its dorsal fin, and its scales are not 
crowded anteriorly. 
Habits.—T his fish is found in every stream in the State of Ohio. It 
reaches a considerable size and is nearer a “game fish” than any other of 
