864 FISHES—CYPRINIDZ. 
Semotilus atromaculatus, GIRARD, Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., 1856, 204; Pac. R. R. Rept., 1838, 
283.—ABBOTT, Am. Nat., April, 1870, 13. | 
Leucosomus atromaculatus, Corr, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1661, 223. 
Semotilus dorsalis, RAFINESQUR, Ich. Oh., 1820, 49.—K1RTLAND, Zool. Ohio, 1838, 160; 
Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., iii, 184, 345.—GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Surv., 283. 
Leuciscus dorsalis, STORER, Synopsis, 411. 
Semotilus cephalus, RAFINEsQUE, Ichthyologia Ohiensis, 1820, 49.—KIRTLAND, Zool. Ohio, 
169; Bust. Journ. Nat. Hist, iii, 1840, 345.—GirarRD, Pac. R. R. Surrey, 1858, 283. 
Leuciscus cephalus, DEKay, Fishes of N. Y., 214, 1843.—STORER, Synopsis, 409. 
Leuciscus tris, CUV. and VAL., xvii, 1814, 253. 
? Leuciscus rotengulus, CUV. and VAL., xvii, 1844, 318.—STORER, Synopsis, 416. 
Leuciscus storert, CUV. and VAL., xvii, 1644, 319. 
Leuciscus pulchelloides, AYR«S, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., iii, 157. 
Leuciscus incrassatus,GiRaRD, Proc. Phila, Acad.Sci., 1856, 190; Pac. R. R. Surv., 1858, 252, 
Semotilus macrocephalus, GIRARD, Proce. Phila. Acad , 1856, 204. 
Leucosomus macrocephalus, GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Surv., 252. 
Leucosomus pallidus, GIRARD, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., 1856, 190; Pac. R.R. Sarv., 251. 
Semottlus pallidus, COPE, Cyp. Penn., 363. ; 
Semotilus corporalis, var. pallidus, JORDAN, Man Vert., 1876, 279. 
Semotilus speciosus, GIRARD, Proc, Phila. Acad. Sci., 1856, 204; Pac. R. R. Surv., 1858, 283. 
Semotilus hammondi, ABBOTT, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., 1860, 474. 
Description.—Body stout, the dorsal outline arched in front of the dorsal, the body 
tapering backwards from a point considerably in advance of the dorsal, so that the base 
of that finis oblique; head large and heavy, broad and rounded above; snout broad, 
mouth broad, oblique, the lower jaw slightly included, the upper lip just below tie 
level of the pupil, the maxillary barely reaching the front of the pupil; maxillary bar- 
bel small, not evident in specimens of less than two or three inches in length ; eye rather 
small about five in head; scales small, considerably crowded and reduced anteriorly, 
about thirty series in front of the dorsal fin ; lateral line beginning at upper posterior 
angle of the opercle, and considerably decurved; fins small, the dorsal atout midway 
between ventrals and anal; color dusky bluish above; sides with a vague dusky band, 
black in the young, disappearing in the adults; belly creamy, rosy tinted in the males 
in spring; dorsal fin always with a conspicuous black spot at the base in front, which 
is bordered with red in the male; a dark vertebral line; scales everywhere edged with 
dark puuctutations ; a dusky bar behind opercle; males with the snout coarsely tuber- 
culated in spring; head 32; depth 4; D.7; A. 8; scales 9-58-6 (those in the lateral line 
varying from 52 to upwards of 65); teeth 2, 5-4, 2; length 10 inches. 
Habitat, Western Massachusetts to Dakota and South Georgia. 
Diagnosis.—But two of the Ohio Cyprinids, possess the characteristic 
color mark of a black spot at the base of the dorsal in front. These are 
Semotilus corporalis and Lythrurus diplemius. ‘These are in other respects 
very different. In cases of doubt, the latter may be distinguished by the 
greater number of rays (10 to 12) in the anal fin. 
Habits—This species, the largest of the Cyprinidez of Ohio, abounds in 
every brook, bayou or clear pond in the State. It takes the hook 
readily, and makes fair food if fried crisp without delay. 
