BROOK TROUT. | 897 
Body moderately elongate; mouth large or small; teeth asin Cristivomer, but rather 
weaker, the hyoid patch rudimentary or wanting, and the vomer without the raised crest, 
with a few teeth on the chevron only; scales very small, 200-250 in a longitudinal row 
fins moderate, as in’ Cristivomer, the caudal forked in the young, truncate in some species 
in the adult; sexual peculiarities not strongly marked, the males with the premaxil- 
laries enlarged, and a fleshy projection at the tip of the lower jaw; coloration dark, 
with round, crimson spots, and the lower fins with marginal bands of black, reddish, 
and pale; species numerous in the clear streams of the northern parts of both conti- 
- nents, sometimes descending to the sea, where they lose their variegated colors and be- 
come nearly plain and silvery; the members of this genus are in general the smallest 
and handsomest of the trout. But one species is found in the Eastern United States ; 
another very similar is found west of the Cascade Range, and several inhabit the waters 
of Arctic America. 
102. SALVELINUS FONTINALIS (Mitchill) Gill and Jordan. 
Brook Trout; Speckled Trout; Salmon Trout of Canada. 
Salmo fontinalis, MircHitL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y., i, 435.—GUNTHER, Cat. 
Fishes Brit. Mus., vi, 152, and of nearly all authors. 
Salvelinus fontinalis, JORDAN, Man. Vert., 2d Ed., 1878, 360; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
ry toll . 
Salmo canadensis, HAMILTON SMITH, in Griffith’s Cuvier, 1834, 474, 
Salmo immaculatus, H. R. STORER, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., vi, 1850, 364 (based on large 
sea-run specimens, the so-called ‘‘Canadian Salmon Trout”). 
Salmo hudsonicus, LUCKLEY, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1861, 310. 
Description—Body oblong or elongate, moderately compressed, not much elevated ; 
head large, but not very long, the snout bluntish, the interorbital space rather broad; 
mouth large, the maxillary reaching more or less beyond the eye; eye large, usually 
somewhat above the line of the axis of the body; caudal fin slightly lunate in the adult, 
forked in the young; adipose fin small; pectoral and ventral fins not especially elon- 
gate; red spots on the side, rather smaller than the pupil; back mostly without spots, 
more or less barred or mottled; dorsal and caudal fins mottled or barred with darker; 
lower fins dusky, with a pale, usually orange band anteriorly, followed by a darker one; 
belly in the males often more or less red; sea-run individuals (‘‘ Canadian Salmon 
Trout”) are often nearly plain, bright silvery, many local varieties distinguished by 
shades of color also occur; head 44; depth 44; D. 10; A.9; scales 37-230-30; gill-rakers 
about 6-11. Length 18 inches or less. Weight + pound to 10 pounds or more, depend- 
ing on food, locality, size of stream, etc. 
Habitat, clear, cold streams from Pennsylvania to Dakota and northward to the Arc- 
tic Circle, southward in the Alleghanies to the head waters of the Savannah, Chatta- 
‘hoochee, Catawba, and French Broad. In Ohio the species is, I am told, confined to 
one or two small streams in Ashtabula county. 
Diagnosis.—The Brook Trout is too well known to need especial de- 
scription here. It can, only by any possibility, be confounded with the 
young of the Lake Trout among Eastern fishes. The absence of teeth 
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