BLUE PIKE. 963 
opsis, 1846, 276.—Ag@assiz, Lake Superior, 1850, 294.— JARDINE, Nat. Libr., Perches, 
1852, 107.—_GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, i, 1859, 74—JoRDAN, Ind. Geol. Surv., 1874, 212, 
and of writers geneually. 
Stizostedium americanum, Corr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 82, 85.—CoPE, Proc. 
Am. Philos. Soc., 1870, 448.—MILNER, Rep. U. S. Fish Com., 1872-3, 425._JoRDAN, 
Man. Vert., 1876, 225.—UHsLER and LuGGER, Fishes of Maryland, 1876, 110,—NEL- 
son, Bull. Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1876, 36. 
var. Salmoneum. 
Blue Pike (Lake Erie); White Salmom (Ohio HRiver); 
Pickerel No 2. 
Perca salmonea, RAFINESQUE, Am. Monthly Mag., v, 1818, 354; Ich. Oh., 1820, 21. 
Stizostedion salmoneum, RAFINESQUE, Ich. Oh., 1820, 23. 
Stizostedium salmoneum, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,. 165, 82.—JoRPAN, Man. 
Vert., 1876, 225.— Corr, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1870, 449.—JORDAN and COPELAND, 
Check List, 1876, 136.—NELson, Bull. Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1876, 36. 
Stizostethium salmoneum, JORDAN, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., 1877; in Klippart’s Report 
Fish Commr. Ohio, 1877.—JORDAN, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, 1877. 
?? Perca nigropunctata, RAFINESQUE, Ich. Oh., 1820, 23 (very erroneous). 
?? Pomacampsis nigropunctatus, RAFINESQUE, Ich. Oh., 1820, 23. 
Description of var. vitreum —Body elongate, rather slender and subcylindric, becoming 
deep with age, the depth in young of 14 inches, 14 to 5 in length; head long, 32 in length ; 
mouth large, the maxillary reaching beyond the pupil to posterior margin of orbit, its 
length 2% to 3 in head; mandible a little more than half length of head; eyes large, 
less than in salmoneum, shorter than snout and than preopercle, 44 to 5in head; jaws 
equal, or the lower slightly projecting, its sides somewhat included ; cheeks sealy, vary - 
ing to nearly smooth, usually a few scales at least behind the eye; opercle with a strong, 
flat spine, which is sometimes bifid or trifid, no smaller ones below it; dorsal spines high, 
more than half the length of head, as long as from snout to past eye, and 1-3 to 1-5 
past opercle; general color a heavy olive, varying considerably, finely mottled with 
brassy, the latter color forming indistinct lines, which run obliquely upward and back- 
ward along the rows of scales; sides of head more or less vermiculated ; lower jaw 
flesh-colored ; belly and lower fins pinkish; spinous dorsal fin without black spots ex- 
cept a large jet black blotch, which involves the membrane of the last two or three 
spines; second dorsal and caudal mottled olive and yellowish; base of pectorals with- 
out distirct black spot; dorsal XII or XIII, 2, 20, or 21; anal II, 12; lateral line with 
about 90 scales; pyloric ceca long and large, subequal, three in number; size very 
large; this species reaches a length of nearly three feet, and a weight of twenty to 
forty pounds. 
Habitat, Mississippi Valley, Ohio and Tennessee Valleys, Great Lake Region, and 
streams of the Atlantic slope south of New England, north to the fur countries. 
Diagnosis.—T his species may be most readily known from the preced- 
ing by the presence of a single black spot on the posterior part of the 
spinous dorsal, instead of one or two rows of smaller spots on the middle 
part of the fin. 
The Jack reaches, occasionally, forty pounds, and, like the trout, seeks 
