SCULPINS. 985 
the skin; upper angle of preopercle usually with one or more spinous processes; teeth 
equal, in villiform or cardiform bands on jaws, and usually on vomer and palatines; pre- 
maxillaries protractile; maxillary without supplemental bone; gills 34 0r4; slit behind 
the last gill small, or obsolete; gill-rakers short, tubercle-like or obsolete; gill-mem- 
branes broadly connected, often joined to the isthmus; body naked, or variously armed 
with scales, prickles, or bony plates, but never uniformly scaled; lateral line present, 
simple; dorsal fins separate or somewhat connected, the spines usually slender, the soft 
part elongate; caudal fin separate, rounded; anal fin similar to the soft dorsal, without 
spines; pectoral fins large, with broad procurrent base, the rays mostly simple, the 
upper sometimes branched; ventrals thoracic, rarely entirely wanting, the rays usually 
less than I, 5; pseudobranchia present, at least in all our species; pyloric ceca usually 
in small number (4—8); air-bladder commonly wanting; genera about 40; species about 
150, most'y of the rock pools of Northern regions; many species found in fresh waters. ~ 
The majority of the species are of small size and singular aspect. None are valued as 
food, the flesh being dry and rather coarse, and the waste consequent on the removal of 
the head and skin very great. 
The fresh-water species are all small in size. They lurk under stones and in shady 
“places after the manner of the Darters. They are found only in clear waters, and delight 
especially in caves and springs. 
All the fresh-water species are, we think, referable to two genera. 
a. Gill-membranes nearly free from the isthmus, forming a broad fold across it ; aslit 
behind last gill; bones of head extensively cavernous; no palatine teeth. 
TRIGLOPSIS. 
aa. Gill-membranes fully united to the isthmus; no slit behind last gill; bones of 
head little cavernous; palatine teeth present or not. . . . URANIDEA, 
GENUS 84. TRIGLOPSIS. Girard. 
Triglopsis, GIRARD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., iv, 1¢51, 18. 
Ptyonotus, GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., ii, 1860, 175 (substitute for Triglopsis, con- 
sidered to be preoccupied), there being a marine genus Triglops Kroger, 1344, in the 
same family. 
Type, Triglopsis thompsonii, GIRARD. 
Ktymology, Trigla, the Gurnard, a marine genus of another family to which the present 
genus bears no special resemblance; opsis, appearance. 
Fresh-water Sculpins with the body and head slender and elongated, the former taper- 
ing quite rapidly away towards the tail; both covered with smooth naked skin ; mouth 
large; lateral line chain-like; teeth on vomer, none on the palatines; eyes large, the 
interorbital area concave; bones of lower part of head extensively cavernous; a small 
but distinct slit behind last gill; gill membranes almost free from the isthmus, forming 
a broad fold across it; preopercular spines, short, straight, simple; fins large, especially 
the secona dorsal. Small fishes inhabiting the deeper waters of the Ureat Lakes. A 
single species known, thus far found in Lake Ontario and in Lake Michigan. It undoubt- 
edly occurs also in Lake Erie, although none has yet come to the notice of any natural- 
ist. Most of the specimens: thus far obtained of Triglopsis thompsonii have been taken 
from the stomach of the Ling (Lota maculosa). The relations of the genus Triglopsis are 
particularly with the marine genus Cottus, and it seems to be a modified survivor of an 
ancient Salt-water species, of the fauna of the basin of the Great Lakes. 
