40 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
The two seams with which we have been chiefly occupied, viz., 
the Leetonia and the Canfield cannel seams, can be followed further 
down the valley. The latter seam is brought unce more to day in 
the deep valley of the Middle Fork, at New Lisbon, and for several 
miles above. The westward trend of the valley also contributes to its 
restoration to the sections here. The Leetonia coal can be traced from 
point to point with perfect distinctness, but it becomes temporarily 
thinner to the southwest, and in the vicinity of New Lisbon it is no 
longer mineable. ‘The interval between the coals remains the same as 
to the northward, viz., about 40 feet. At New Lisbon, the Canfield 
seam has regained its normal cover, viz., the Ierriferous limestone. 
This stratum is found here, blue and impure, but crowded with its 
characteristic fossils. ‘The “ cone-in-cone” formation accompanies it, 
and also the highly fossiliferous black slate that often replaces the 
limestone. 
These two seams, the Canfield cannel and the Leetonia coal, are the 
seams called No. 3 and No. 4 by Newberry in his New Lisbon sections 
(vol. III, p. 107). From the Leetonia sections it is apparent that the 
Lower Mercer coal must lie at least 125 feet below the bed of the 
Middle Fork, the Ferriferous limestone being found here near the water 
level. As the intervals generally expand to the southward, a larger 
measure would seem probable. In the borings mentioned by Newberry, 
as made near Elkton by Mr. H.C. Bowman, two thin coal seams were 
reported at 129 feet and 150 feet, respectively, below the creek bed 
(vol. III, p. 110). There seems some reason to count these seams as 
the Upper and Lower Mercer coals. 
But in the region which we have now reached, we are no longer 
confined to the Ferriferous limestone and the Kittanning coal for our 
guides. Another, and an equally characteristic series of beds of coal 
and limestone has come in above them, and extends in easily traced 
and universally recognized continuity to the Pennsylvania line and be- 
yond, The Freeport group attains a full development throughout 
eastern and southern Columbiana county. Its coals and its limestones 
and the two great sandrocks that enclose the system, the Mahoning 
sandstone above, and the Lower Freeport sandstone below, constitute 
so important and striking a portion of all the sections in which they are 
found, that they can neither be overlooked nor misinterpreted. Conse- 
quently there are no differences of opinion as to the presence or elements 
