STRATIGRAPHICAL ORDER. 41 
or exact position of the Freeport Group in eastern Columbiana county. 
There are only four coal seams of the Ohio scale about the equivalents 
of which in Pennsylvania no question is raised. These seams are the 
Block coal of the Mahoning valley, which is the Sharon coal of Penn- 
sylvania, coals Nos. 5 and 6 in eastern Columbiana county, which are 
the lower and upper Freeport coals, respectively, of the Pennsylvania 
series, and finally the continuity of the Pittsburgh seam through both 
states is unchallenged. 
The extensions of all of the other seams of the Coal Measures can 
also be followed visibly and bodily from the one state to the other, but 
names and places have in many cases been assigned to them before they 
were carefully followed, and great confusion has resulted therefrom. 
Fortunately the Freeport Group comes into the same sections that 
hold the Kittanning coal and the Ferriferous limestone at their bases, and 
we can avail ourselves of the guidance of both series as we advance. 
The sections at and about New Lisbon are clear and full, and the 
whole series that is shown here can be followed down the valleys of the 
Middle Fork and the Little Beaver into the Ohio valley, where it is 
connected directly with the well established system of the Lower Coal 
Measures of Pennsylvania. 
A few sections are selected that fairly represent the district from 
New Lisbon to the Ohio River. 
Three miles above New Lisbon, the Niles Mining Company is 
working the coal immediately below the Ferriferous limestone (the Upper 
Clarion). The seam is double here as usual, a thin bed underlying the 
fire-clay of the main seam. Forty feet above this coal, the Leetonia 
seam is found, but it is here reduced to 16” in thickness. Fifteen feet 
above the Leetonia coal, another thin coal occurs. It is here but 8” 
thick, but it makes an element of great value in Ohio Geology. It is 
the upper Kittanning of White and the middle Kittanning of Chance. 
It will presently be found to become a constant and important feature 
in all our sections. Passing down the valley to the Cement Works, we 
are able to add some higher beds to the section. On McGowan’s Hill, 
we find the Lower Freeport limestone extensively worked as a cement 
rock. It lies 68 feet higher than the Leetonia coal. Seven feet above 
the limestone, or 75 feet above the Leetonia coal, the Lower Freeport 
coal is shown ina bed, 8” to 12” thick. In the immediate neighbor- 
hood, the Upper Freeport limestone is found at 50 feet above the cement 
