on, GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
ore by scarcely-marked gradations. It lies in two distinct benches, that 
are separated by about 5/ of fire-clay. It may prove to be the Upper 
Freeport limestone, but the double structure and the measurements cor- 
respond better with the Lower Freeport limestone. Both are found 
throughout the district to the southward, and in their ordinary phases 
are as hard to distinguish from each other as the Mercer limestones are. 
A heavy sandstone is found covering the Canfield cannel seam in 
almost all of the drill-holes. Few opportunities are found for examin- 
ing this stratum by outcrops, on account of the drift beds which cover 
and obscure the surface. It is probable that the lower portion of this 
deposit is the Kittanning sandstone, a steady stratum in Pennsylvania 
that separates in part the Lower Kittanning coal from the Ferriferous 
limestone, but from the drill records it would seem that a higher sand- 
stone, the Lower Freeport, presumably, has cut away all intermediate 
beds, and for a limited area has dropped down directly upon the lower 
sandstone, thus making a stratum of greater thickness than any one bed 
would warrant, and obliterating an important part of the record. The 
absence of the Kittanning coal from the Canfield sections seems to re- 
quire such an explanation. It is well developed in the adjoining town- 
ship of Green, and has been mined very largely there for a number of 
years. 
At Cook’s crossing, on the Niles and New Lisbon Railroad, in sec- 
tion 11, Green township, on the farm of J. M. Pettit, and in the valley 
of the Cherry Fork of Little Beaver, the Canfield cannel seam has been 
quite extensively worked. As in the last instance, it is no longer a 
cannel, except for a few inches at the top of the seam. The same dupli- 
cation of the seam that was described on the Ewing farm is also found 
here. The interval from the main coal to the lower seam is less than 
before, only about one foot of clay being found at this point. The lower 
coal is worthless. The Pettit coal has been identified as the Canfield 
cannel seam, by means of the numerous holes that have been drilled to 
prove the extent and character of this seam, and all of the facts match 
to this view. 
The coal lies 29 feet below the railroad track, at the foot of the old 
shaft, but its floor is very uneven, and there is said to be a difference of 
20 feet in the mine between the swamps and the hills. 
A mile and a half south of this mine, at Green Station, the Lower 
Kittanning coal makes its first appearance. This is Coal No. 5 of New- 
