30 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
holds the proper place for the Putnam Hill Iimestone, and marks the 
easternmost point to which it has been distinctly traced. The black 
shale, No. 2, which is the first bedded rock found in the drill-hole, is 107 
feet above the Lower Mercer limestone, and probably finds its place at 
or near the horizon of the Ferriferous limestone. A bed of black slate 
is the most common representative of this horizon when the limestone 
itself is wanting. The Upper Clarion coal also belongs in the same 
neighborhood and might show as a black slate here. ) 
The various outcrops of the strata in the townships of Canfield and 
Green furnish, however, the best section of this portion of the field. 
Ascending Mill Creek from Youngstown and its chief tributary, 
Indian Creek, from near the center of Boardman township, we pass 
successively over the horizons of the Sharon Conglomerate, the Sharon 
coal, the Massillon or Connoquenessing sandstone, until in the south- 
west corner of section 22, Canfield, on the farm of D. Heintzelman, we 
find the’ Lower Mercer limestone, with its coal and ore, lying at the 
drainage level. The exposure is clear and unambiguous. The Upper 
Mercer coal has been worked for local supply immediately above it, 
and the interval is found to be the usual one, 36 feet. 
The Upper Mercer coal is also worked on the adjoining farm of 
Wm. J. Swanston, section 21, and here a measurement is obtained to 
the Canfield Cannel seam which has been opened and worked on a 
small scale. The seam can be followed with perfect distinctness to this 
point from the farms where it has been most largely worked. 
The cannel seam lies 85 feet above the Upper Mercer coal, and 
120’ above the Lower Mercer limestone. 
The cannel seam has been traced and proved through all the cen- 
tral portions of Canfield township, and a section similar in all respects 
to the one already given, can be obtained by following up the Meander 
Creek and its tributaries on the northwestern side of the town. 
The Lower Mercer limestone and its coal and ore are found in fine 
development in this part of the township. The limestone has been 
quarried for shipment to the Leetonia furnaces on sections 3 and 4, and 
on the same sections, Wick and McDowell have mined, for the general 
market, the Lower Mercer coal. 
On section 6 the Upper Mercer coal is worked quite extensively to 
meet a local demand. It is known as the Bruce or Kirkpatrick coal in 
this part of the township. It is overlain by its limestone in many in- 
