STRATIGRAPHICAL ORDER. 29 
velopment. All the principal streams in Poland, Youngstown, Austin- 
town, and Canfield disclose them either in the main valleys or in their 
tributaries wherever their horizons are reached. Newberry pronounces 
the Lower Blue limestone (Lower Mercer) “the most constant lime- 
stone bed in Mahoning county,” and his sections and statements show 
its presence in all of the northern townships. (Geology of Ohio, vol. 
III, p. 794). 
It is extensively quarried in Austintown and Canfield for furnace 
use, and its underlying coal, No. 3, of Newberry, for this district, has 
been mined for a number of years for shipment in the same towns. 
An interesting section given by Newberry shows the Putnam Hill 
limestone coming’ distinctly into the Mahoning county series, to re-en- 
force these other well-known elements. A boring was made on the 
south line of Youngstown township, not far from Fosterville, which 
gives the following record (vol. III, p. 803): 
Feet. Inches. 
RPE Ure tnerrers nomenct wanes slats suacasancer educa nesete ccd dss mobi susie cece eeeddutiecee 23 9 
24s, JEIGTAS  GNGTT Bccocbocsao0 550646 COEC TOSS OOO OHGOTGS COG EEOL DOSES OcC COREE OCT ACERS EE ntrE 5 6 
SOME OATI CON O C kee ee neN ae ein aar ain ca EA Nectar no enls eucaicte volaosceuiececaighe seek widucnaitics 12 
AMER Cr Ves ell Cerca tices dasanccosadessicoeecsecues cama cisesuswisceees ates CoN eee 17 6 
PLL UINIESLON Came R coer eesiStc cearcs coh icores tis cee tbe oe ea tien ceaeamees eee eeacns 2 7 
GREBrowmeshale ses tiiss ccc cc seweeewecseces 1009960000000000099090000060000000075000 5 
(eC PAVARAN GiyssS ale ysis. .ccecste woceetlnceannteese tees sted saad REALE Aca eee 31 5 
8. Limestone ......... . BObSORBOCbUB Oo 0baGd0D00U Gd COSO Od eB CanEe PERC DEE Tn Coee Renee Teme 3 9 
OMG Raya lial Ctewri end cccvecese ccs scuccsoas scenic ice snscleciee’s sit ses sists oun ea sie viaeies 31 3 
ORR LELIICSLON Crests ceuecesc chess tases scmdeiqec ees Meas MASS aNT eeci ins sous ae ceasemenees 6 
hlPeeved dishrsamdiyAS ale cree. ccssscccvcccesess cccscelccgcossewevccrsscces Ioeeenoes 23 
QRS HO Wales lel] Chere en cea twcctss clejani ne cease cton ace teece doce ath duwea tes 25 
Sian Crnayasam dives Wall Ciececee isch starasccwaessiccooestnscs qelisee a sicachoeessaavuleves eduees 30 
ARE SATU ER OC Karger sere don sone estat a uataeticn al wate tocdislamanial nent idimeccaete dy Roe 18 
WWD, CaRAAY SIDING 05000600800800666560000 000010600 400d 000085 EOBEASbeSO Dea UOGER OBSGaGEs 24 
GMS Lae kai lial Cerca tres. cece es cuwcs ce teh sacs vesce vee ee ce datenesccuetevedeseseece 1 6 
Meme COmleN one (BIOCKICO allies Sete c arlene esteasesiotleseeceeesdeeewsonseaweecesceds 5 
In this series, No. 10 undoubtedly stands for the Lower Mercer 
limestone. The interval between it and the Block coal is somewhat 
less than usual, but this measurement does not stand by itself. New- 
berry gives 100 to 150 feet as the range of this interval in the county, 
and a measurement of 125’ or thereabouts has already been named as 
the usual one. No. 8 of the section is by the same token the Upper 
Mercer limestone, while the third limestone, or No. 5 of the section, 
