STRATIGRAPHICAL ORDER. 69 
Particular attention has been given in this review to the geology 
of the Big Sandy Valley, because it is here that the dislocation of the 
series has occurred which has brought so much confusion into the 
published accounts of the Lower Coal Measures of Ohio. 
The points now brought out are these: Ist. The coal seams num- 
bered 5 and 6 by Newberry in the Tuscarawas Valley section can be 
followed, as all allow and as none can deny, through the Big Sandy 
Valley from Magnolia to Minerva at levels, for the upper seam, ranging 
from 480 to 440 feet above Lake Erie, the lower seam holding steady 
at 25 to 40 feet below the upper. 2d. The Lower and Upper Freeport 
coals, also numbered 5 and 6 by Newberry, in Columbiana county, 
were followed from their unmistakable and undisputed developments 
in the Yellow Creek and the Little Beaver Valleys, along the line of 
the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, as far as Rochester Station and 
the Sandy divide. The Upper Freeport coal is the seam that is mined 
at Rochester, as all agree, and its altitude above L. E. is 570 feet. The 
Lower Freeport seam is frequently met, 30 to 40 feet below it. 3d. A 
boring made at Rochester shows the coal seams, Nos. 5 and 6 of the 
Tuscarawas series, 120 feet below the Freeport coals, numbered 5 and 6, 
to the southward. . 
These facts show with sufficient clearness and certainty the dupli- 
~ eation of several of the numbers, and notably the numbers 5 and 6, by 
which the more important seams of the Lower Coal Measures are 
designated in Newberry’s classification, and it thus becomes apparent 
that the coal seams of the Tuscarawas Valley cannot be correlated with 
those of the Ohio Valley by their numbers. But these facts do not 
stand alone. There are other lines, entirely distinct from the points 
already made, which serve to confirm in the strongest way the conclu- 
sions that have now been reached. 
Note may be made in passing that, in character, the Freeport coals 
are quite different from the Kittanning coals below them. The Kittan- 
ning coals, though thin, are quite regular and steady. The Upper 
Freeport coal is extremely irregular and liable to “ wants,” but its 
maximum thickness is double that of the coal below. The Upper 
Freeport coal, as compared with the Middle Kittanning or lower No. 6 
throughout this region, is inferior in quality. It is divided by irregular 
slate and sulphur “ binders” as well as by its regular shale parting, but 
the lower seam shows only the regular partings. The Freeport coa! is 
