STRATIGRAPHICAL ORDER. 123 
facts, to a few of which attention will now be called. The Lower 
Mercer limestone will be counted the lower limit of the series in this 
review. 3 
Immediately below the limestone, there is found throughout much 
of Vinton and Jackson counties a valuable coal seam from 8 to 5 feet 
thick, and a main source of fuel for the territory in which it occurs. It 
is everywhere known as the Limestone coal. It fails to accompany its 
limestone to the southward, being seldom seen in Lawrence county, 
neither does it extend to the northern limits of the limestone, but in 
the region of its development it is as steady as the limestone itself. It 
is evidently the Scrub Grass or Upper Clarion seam of our general sec- 
tion. It sometimes drops away from the limestone as much as 12 or 
15 feet. 
The Putnam Hill limestone with its coal (No. 4 of Newberry) can 
be followed into the field with certainty, but it can be followed through 
the field with only a high degree of probability. 
We find it in good development as a limestone and flint horizon in 
northern Vinton county at a distance of 30 to 50 feet below the Ferri- 
ferous limestone. 
On the Dunkel farm near Crecla, Swan township, it is fonnd 35 
feet below the Ferriferous limestone and ore. The Putnam Hill lime- 
stone is here shaly and very fossiliferous, and enclosed in white clay. 
On the Feeogh farm, east of railroad from Swaim’s Station, it is found 
as a 4-feet flint, underlain with a thin coal, and with a 10-inch streak of 
coal directly above it. It is about 50 feet below the Ferriferous here. 
At McArthur, the flint shows in force on the Felton farm, a mile south 
of town. Through all of this neighborhood the coal seam of this 
horizon is mineable and valuable. It is a two-bench coal, 4 feet thick, 
and it yields a light white ash. It is locally known as the Winters 
coal, and also as the Flint Vein. 
The horizon is further conspicuous from the valuable iron ore that 
is associated with it, the seam lying directly beneath the fire-clay of the 
coal. This ore is known as the limestone kidney. It is largely worked 
and highly esteemed. A smaller kidney ore occurs 20 or 30 feet 
above it. 
By means of the kidney ‘ore we can trace the horizon well down 
into Jackson county, but the ore fails before the southern line of the 
county is reached. It seems very probable that the Conway coal of 
