GOEL A. PEER, LE. 
THE COAL SEAMS OF THE LOWER COAL MEASURES 
OF OHIO.—IN PART. 
By Epwarp ORTON. 
In Chapter I, the general order of the Lower Coal Measures of 
Ohio has been discussed. In treating of this subject, the various coal 
seams that these measures contain, have come in for a large share of 
attention, as the most valuable, the most characteristic and the best 
known members of the series, but they have been treated only as strati- 
graphical elements, the place of which in the general scale was to be 
determined, and whatever references have been made to the characters, 
qualities and uses of the coals, have been merely incidental and in fur- 
therance of the main object of the chapter. 
But these last-named points certainly deserve a distinct and full 
consideration, and the present, and one or more succeeding chapters, 
will accordingly be devoted to the coal seams of the Lower Measures in 
their economic aspects. ‘These several seams will be treated with refer- 
ence to their (1) extent, their (2) qualities and uses, and their (3) present 
development as bases of mining. The methods of coal mining employed 
in the State will be the subject of a separate chapter. 
METHODS oF DESIGNATING CoAL SEAMS. 
Before entering upon the discussion, it will be necessary to deter- 
mine the names or designations by which the coal seams shall be known 
in this report. | 
In the naming of the coals of the Appalachian field, two systems 
are in use. ‘The first, which is far the most widely employed, gives a 
name to a coal seam from some locality where it is well developed or 
mined on a large scale. The Pittsburgh, Freeport, Nelsonville and 
Massillon coals are examples of coal seams named on this plan. 
G. 
