THE LOWER COAL MEASURES. 165 
10. THe Mippue Kirrannine Coat. 
Synonyms.—Coal No. 6, in Stark county and southwestward ; Coal No. 4, in Yellow 
Creek and the Ohio Valley ; Osnaburg coal of Stark county; Pike Run 
and Dennison coal of Tuscarawas; Coshocton coal; Upper Zanesville 
coal; Upper New Lexington coal; Nelsonville and Straitsville coal ; 
“Great Vein” of the Hocking Valley; Carbondale and Mineral City 
coal; Upper Zaleski coal; Washington Furnace coal; Sheridan coal ; 
Ashland or Coalton coal of Kentucky; Willard coal of Kentucky; Coal 
No. 7 of the Kentucky series (Crandall). 
The names given above plainly show that we are now dealing with 
the most important of the coal seams of the State. It is so closely con- 
nected with its companion seam already described, that no discussion of 
its stratigraphical relations is here required, its place in the scale being 
20 to 50 feet above the lower coal. A few general statements as to the 
character of the seam are all that are called for at this point. 
‘In Western Pennsylvania it is generally found as a thin seam of 
excellent quality. It furnishes a good deal of blacksmithing coal for 
local use. Just upon the border, it is true, there is a small area in 
which it becomes a cannel coal of large volume (the Darlington Cannel), 
but after crossing the Ohio line, it resumes its previous character. In 
the Yellow Creek Valley it is known as the Hammondsville Strip 
Vein, and it is here a coking coal of unusual excellence, though rather 
high in ash. Through northern Columbiana the seam is thin and in- 
conspicuous, but generally present. In Stark it again becomes mine- 
able, and is worked at many points, the most important of which are 
Osnaburg and North Industry. It is here but slightly cementing in 
character, and one foot of the seam at the first named locality is smith 
coal. It gains in volume in central Tuscarawas, where it is mined on 
a large scale. From this point to New Lexington it holds substantially 
the same character, that of a moderately cementing coal, burning with 
a bright flame, rather high in sulphur, but low in ash, the latter almost 
invariably being of a chocolate-red color. The fixed carbon never 
quite reaches 50 per cent., and the volatile matter never falls below 
40 per cent. Throughout this territory, the seam is exceedingly steady 
and regular in all respects. Its maximum thickness is 5 feet, and its 
average about 35 feet. From New Lexington southward and westward, 
the seam maintains a very different character. It acquires much greater 
