THE LOWER COAL MEASURES. 179 - 
mines opened in every township for neighborhood use. In Green town- 
ship there is, however, a fair development of both the Lower Kittan- 
ning and the Clarion cvals, both of which have been mined on quite a 
large scale for shipment on the Niles and New Lisbon Railroad. 
The local supplies of coal already referred to, that are obtained 
from farmers’ banks, are by no means to be overlooked in making out 
the coal resources of a county. The seams may be thin, or may lack 
adaptation in other ways for mining on the large scale, but the fuel of 
entire communities, counting in the villages which they include, is 
often obtained from country banks in which not more than two or three 
miners are ever employed at one time, and for only a few months in the 
year. 
The coal supply of Mahoning county is mainly of this character, 
as can be learned from Newberry’s report, in vol. III. To the state- 
ments made in the above named report, a few additional facts will be 
here given, pertaining to the coal seams of Canfield and Green town- 
ships. 
Three seams are worked in Canfield township, but all are thin. 
They are the Mercer coals, Lower and Upper, and the Clarion coal, 
Upper, as has been already shown on page 30. 
The Lower Mercer or Blue Limestone coal (Coal No. 3 of New- 
berry) is generally known in this region as Coal No. 2, it being the first 
mineable seam above the Sharon seam. The interval between these 
two coals is counted about 150 feet, but it is often considerably less, 
and seldom, if ever, more. The only mine in the State in the Lower 
Mercer seam which ships coal by railroad, is found in Canfield township. 
On the Jas. Turner farm, a shaft has been sunk to the coal by Wick 
and McDowell, and the mine has been in operation for a number of 
years, but the output has never been large. The seam is 30 inches 
thick, and like the Lower Mercer coal generally, it has more or less 
bone and slate distributed through it. The cecal at this point lies 15 to 
20 feet below the limestone. Both limestone and ore have been largely 
worked here, and all combine to make the exhibition of the Lower 
Mercer horizon on North Run of Meander Creek, one of the most full 
and satisfactory to be found in the State. The section on the Beards- 
ley and Turner farms is as follows: | 
