THE LOWER COAL MEASURES. 180 
viz., the Tionesta coal and the Brookville coal, which is Newberry’s 
No. 4, to the westward. 
Neither of them appears in the Canfield sections, and this fact has 
led to erroneous views in regard to the general series. It has already 
been shown that the Canfield cannel is the Upper Clarion coal, the 
place of which is directly below the Ferriferous or Lowellville lime- 
stone. All of the facts match to this interpretation. 
The duplication of the seam has already been described (see page 
32). It begins in the southern part of Canfield township, being well 
seen on John Ewing’s farm, where the interval that separates the two 
deposits is 8 feet of clay, but in the adjoining portions of Green town- 
ship there are numerous examples of it. Mr. T. J. Wise, of Canfield, 
gives me the record of several borings on the farm of James M. Pettit, 
Green township, near the line of the railroad. One record is as follows: 
Ft. In. 
SAMCUSLOMewecentcracesecc ace catetacscce sc relsceescceccorsdsdsdececressalcces Ouse cease 41 
Chipislate——- Black ei eiosceseccceees sestienstost Onc ccteectscveetecestscocdeereeveesees m 
IDEN ARNT VED 506, 660006050000056050000060656040008008000008300000 BEDC ROB COCCEIIIS 10 
BITACKIS Abies siscsdccecch cnaccecucstecsscccevecneatctenee Pesbaaccet teteor ewer one genes 4 6 
Coal—-Cantield’ canmnelseamt iccsa.cccce.c2ss ssc coccecetoccssscessassossescascos 3. 5 
ITC lA Vereres eer tee sects Stet e ceceswccnedecesicse ls scnteastcsecsslevess bist’ censdeqeces — A4 
(OFT —ASKUU YS) ORT RORDISS EV AVO| THOTPOLDD XE) 4906501600000800000000000500000050000080 SEOIOCOSIE 39 
INO =<C LAyaeeee deste es cores eter e date. c Sena Ne aea hawt enc tees wcll sieeaebbees sielevowdes 2 
This lower coal was found to maintain the thickness here given for 
about an acre in the center of a basin. It has never proved to be of 
marketable value. This may be the Lower Clarion coal, which is some- 
times separated from the limestone by as much as 20 feet in the Pennsyl- 
vania series, but it is more likely a local duplication. There is no 
possible warrant for counting it the Upper Mercer coal, as has some- 
times been done. The latter seam would need to be moved 80 feet out 
of its true horizon to take this place, but it holds its own place in the 
series, as is shown in the Leetonia borings, a few miles to the south- 
ward (see page 35). 
The seam changes its character in the southern part of the town- 
ship and below, becoming a bituminous coal, except for a sheet 4 to 6 
inches in thickness at the top of the bed, which is an impure cannel. 
The only considerable mine in the Upper Clarion coal in the county, 
and one of the few in Eastern Ohio, is the one that is located at Cook’s 
Crossing in Green township. The seam is here less than 3 feet thick 
