406 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
a. Blackband and Clay-band Ores. 
The last point at which we found ore to be taken from the Upper 
Freeport or main blackband horizon in coming south and west is in 
Oxford township, Tuscarawas county. The counties of Coshocton and 
Muskingum have been passed without the report of a single deposit of 
this character. The ore is not likely to be found in central Muskingum 
county, as we know from the fact that the coal is already mined exten- 
sively through a number of townships here, and the horizon has thus 
been fully disclosed. Jf the ore had been present, it would certainly 
have been brought to light. It has been already shown that in the 
occurrence of the ore thus far, it has occupied the exterior margin of 
its field, the mineable coal being found farther within the basin. In 
other words, the landward side of the coal swamp received the supply 
of iron, probably in the waters of the drainage streams that found their 
way to it. The Stark and Carroll county deposits, for example, are 
found on the very westernmost outcrop of the Upper Freeport level, 
while the Dell Roy coal field lies a dozen miles or more from this outer 
margin. In the same way, the Tuscarawas ore-hills mark the outer- 
most exhibition of the Upper Freeport horizon in that county. The 
Cambridge coal, on the other hand, lies 20 miles within this boundary. 
In parts of Muskingum county, as just stated, the goal is found of good 
thickness on the western outcrop of the seam, without the ore, but in 
central Perry county the conditions found in Carroll and Tuscarawas 
counties are repeated. Valuable beds of stratified ore mark the north- 
western outcrop of the Upper Freeport seam, while a still more valuable 
seam of coal is found as the horizon dips down toward its final cover to 
the southward. 
The blackband ore of this region was first discovered in the 
neighborhood of Shawnee. The hill on which it was found was named 
Iron Point, and the ore has been generally known as the Iron Point 
ore, but sometimes as the Shawnee ore. It is confined to section 10, 
Pike township. 
The ore lies about 100 feet above the Middle Kittanning coal 
(No. 6), which is here the basis of all sections. The range of intervals 
is, however, considerable, the distance being sometimes reduced to 90 
feet, and occasionally rising to 120 feet. The level of the ore in a mine 
that covers even less than an acre will frequently be found to have a 
