IRON MANUFACTURE. 467 
Rd 
carawas county, and in some localities the horizon of the blackband. 
But nowhere, however, as in the other parts of Ohio, are the kidneys in 
sufficient abundance in the shales to pay for their extraction by mining. 
Within the last two or three years the Lake Superior ores have been 
used with the native ores at Massillon. These Lake ores were tried at 
Massillon many years ago, but from about 1870 till recently were not 
used in this district. 
Several years ago the Dover Furnace used largely coke made from 
seam No. 5, the Newberry or Tunnel seam, from the Tunnel mines in 
Sandy township. This coal contains considerable sulphur, does not make a 
very good coke, and its use is entirely superseded by the Massillon coal 
which now is the fuel used by the furnaces at Dover and Massillon. 
The Massillon coal has been mined principally within a distance of 10 
or 15 miles northwest and west from Massillon. The Massillon coal, 
or Coal No. 1 is the lowest coal in the series, and the equivalent of the 
‘block coal of the Mahoning Valley, which it resembles very closely. 
The Massillon coal is equally pure, but it is not so dry a coal, and con- 
tains a larger proportion of bituminous matter. It is nevertheless an 
excellent open-burning coal, and, though it is said that a coke of fair 
quality can be made from it, its use raw in the furnaces has been so 
successful that it is used altogether in the raw state. The following 
analysis, made by Prof. Wormley, will illustrate its composition : 
Wittow BANK. 
Specific REIL /'6.900000000000600011000000.000000000000000000050000000 055006060060 000500008 1.247 
IWOOT ADITRS eee B OR SCO GOCE CUE BEER SEE COCO ROTH EEDC REE IGE EIR SC naan ec Ce Se Ren Mo nanrree 6 95 
WoOlarillercompustillesmatbetecccstccecsssecccees co oa cece bec aectacceencen 32.38 
JOYS ero | CEETE OVO TW Aas cic BRUCE Se ECE Te SO UES ES Se EERE ROM nENPR 57.49 
S Ulloa eeetaeceeseeceetanee scenic co ctoct an ane ra tcan ec sne sneer coseenersisdeesaeeese: ceesue’ 
JEST oscoect See GES aS AES SEA AAEM EL aa ted oS RS eo Ee 1.80 
100. 
Sully linens cneceattassos esac cee Ores stsece ude dete ese ceelisiovave se vstaseas goods 0.79 
The coal in 1870-73 was valued at the mines at $2.50 to $2.75 or 
$3.00 per ton at Massillon. This coal also resembles very closely the 
splint coal of Scotland, which is the fuel used in smelting the Scotch 
blackbands. Before the introduction of the hot-blast the Scotch coal — 
was always coked, but now it is used altogether in the raw state. 
The furnaces of the Tuscarawas region use the hot-blast and 
require from 3.5 to 4.00 tons of coal per ton of iron. This amount ot 
