468 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
fuel is very excessive, and there is no possible doubt that by improve- 
ments in the furnaces, and better utilization of the waste gases, etc., 
the consumption might be reduced. 
Considering that the coal yields but 60 per cent. of fixed carbon 
or coke (the volatile matter probably is all expelled before it can. 
have much, if any, action of reduction), the fuel consumption is equi- 
valent to 2 to 24 tons of coke per ton of iron. 
The Connellsville coke, as in the Mahoning Valley, will probably 
acquire greater importance as a fuel in this district. The low prices at 
which this remarkable fuel is at present furnished is leading to its 
greater and greater use. The Tuscarawas Valley region has fallen 
behind the other districts of the State in rate of development. At 
different times extensive attempts have been made to develop it, but 
thus far with limited success. Large works were started at ‘‘ Glasgow- 
Port Washington,” two large furnaces, 70 by 173, being built and finely 
equipped, intended to smelt the Tuscarawas blackband ores with raw 
coal and coke, made from the: coal found at that point. After a few 
years the furnaces were sold and removed to Pittsburgh. The lean 
character of the blackband ores has become more and more apparent, 
and their smelting as a source of iron to compete with that produced in 
the Mahoning Valley from the richer Lake ores has been rather an 
expensive experiment. 
The district is at present represented by but the two furnaces above 
spoken of, which together have an estimated capacity of only about 
21,000 tons, and the total production of Stark and Tuscarawas counties 
for the census year was not over 17,000 tons. | 
og 
Eastern Ohio, or the Steubenville and Wheeling Region. 
The region of the iron manufacture in Ohio which is separated 
under this division, embraces a number of furnaces in the eastern part 
of the State on or near the Ohio River, which are removed by con- 
siderable distances from each other, but as a group use coke as an 
almost exclusive fuel. ‘Their geographical position also separates them 
from the other iron centers of the State. The ores employed are the 
Missouri and Lake Superior specular and hematites, with, at Leetonia, 
an admixture of native Coal Measure ores. The establishments thus 
included are the two blast-furnaces of the Cherry Valley Iron Works, 
and the two of the Grafton Iron Works, at Leetonia, in Columbiana 
