IRON. MANUFACTURE. A471 
made to mine for them, but they were not found in paying quantities, 
and, although they were an excellent ore, the attempt was abandoned. 
At Collinwood, near Linton, the ore at this horizon was so plenty that 
large expectations were built upon its utilization, but these expecta- 
tions have not been realized. Numerous analyses of these Collinwood 
ores were published in the report of Prof. Newberry, in the Geological 
Report for 1870, p. 49. Considerable amounts of these kidneys are 
obtained, especially in Columbiana county—some by stripping the beds, 
but principally from the gravels of the valleys and creek bottoms 
where they have accumulated from the degradation of their enclosing 
stratum ; the heavy iron ore remaining while the lighter material was 
washed away. From what has been said of the occurrence of, these 
ores it is not at all likely that they will be found in quantities sufficient 
to sustain mining. | 
Concerning the character of the ores of the Pilot Knob, Iron 
Mountain, ete., in Missouri, and those from the Lake Superior district, 
enough has probably already been said when speaking of the general 
conditions of the manufacture of iron in Ohio, and of the region of the 
Mahoning Valley. The furnace establishments are organizations en- 
tirely separate from the proprietorships of the mines in these other 
States, and the ores are obtained from these mining companies at a 
price fixed by contract, and fluctuating with the activity of the 
market. The contract system is the very general custom, and contracts 
are usually made in the early part of the winter at so much per 
ton, delivered at various times during the following year, for the 
Lake Superior ores at Cleveland, or some port on the Lake, and for 
Missouri ore, delivered at St. Louis. Hence, it will be seen the pro- 
portion of these ores used will depend upon the favorable terms with which 
contracts can be made with these two ore regions. The proportion used 
does not vary much, however, from about 50 per cent. of the Missouri 
ores, and 50 per cent. of the Lake Superior ore. But at Leetonia and 
Irondale little of the Missouri ores is obtained (probably because of — 
the expense of a trans-shipment at the river), the chief dependence being 
upon the Lake Superior ores. 
Some small quantities of the Canadian magnetites from the region 
north of Kingston, on Lake Ontario, on the Rideau Canal, etc., have 
been used in this region, especially at Irondale and Leetonia. The 
character of these ores is somewhat variable, and they are not desir- 
