IRON MANUFACTURE. 475 
‘‘ weather” or change by the action of the air, rains and frost, to a red, 
soft, hydrated oxide. These hydrated oxides, containing water in place of 
carbonic acid, are richer in iron. This, however, would be of but small 
moment, as by roasting, both ores would be brought to the same condition, 
were it not for the fact that the associated impurities of the ore are to 
a certain and sometimes a large extent separated by this same weather- 
ing, so that an ore, which at its outcrop on the hill-side may appear 
pure and rich, may, as the ore is taken out at greater depths, fall off in 
iron and increase steadily in percentage of phosphorus and silicon. 
That this has led to serious misjudgment in regard to many of the ore 
deposits of the Hocking Valley, can not be doubted. 
In fact, in several cases where “ drifting” for ore was undertaken, 
the work had to be abandoned, as when the solid ore was reached it be- 
came so lean, passing in some cases into little more than a ferruginous 
limestone. The lime being one of the most easily dissolved of the associ- 
ates of the iron, the surface and outcrop ores are usually low in it, but 
the ore in depth is liable to contain much more. 
A sample of ore taken from the ore piles at Logan furnace will 
illustrate this point. The ore was mostly a red or brown limonite or 
hydrated oxide, and was used for making a charcoal pig of good quality, 
but as the miners were going deeper into the deposit, they found asso- 
ciated with the red ore an increasing percentage of “‘ white ore,” a drab 
unaltered carbonate. This yielded on analysis: 
STU BVGNCOTDIS) TORY HAS) PG ROR ACA ABI «BARA SAM Ae RL te BRR IRD ue AR Ota a 6.18 
Mile Gallien 1s ieee cs eee Sa a cate beh clon saad Shddeee Se Pia ee ah tsa Geis tun ates 31.80 
NOS PMORUS we ectetacece strata atan cc se swsueossssdececaceseckooscnil chs ussinscsenesssees ee 1.84 
Lorp, Chemist. 
This extraordinary percentage of phosphorus is not without parallel. 
A sample of similar blue ore, taken from a large deposit near Moxa- 
hala, which had been opened at some expense, and was supposed to be, 
from analysis made upon the outcrop, of excellent quality, showed : 
This ore tried subsequently in the furnace, yielded a pig-iron which 
was so brittle that it could be ground to powder in an ordinary mortar, 
and showed on analysis : 
ROS PMOLUBis fascssc cece vedeinecesiscnessccecsecsctelesesneas aSaeheeincivetedaes 4.9 per cent. 
