496 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
they do not go above a certain proportion. At the furnace quoted, this 
limit is 5 “ baskets” of brands to the load. These “baskets” hold from 
1 to 2 bushels; of course, these brands are specifically much heavier 
than the charcoal, and increase thus the average weight of the bushel. 
As this matter of relation between weight and measure is of im- 
portance, the following figures are given, taken from the journal of the 
Charcoal Iron Workers’ Association. ‘The bushel is 2,688 cubic inches. 
Furnace. Wood. Weight bushel charcoal. 
Alabama. Oak and pine. 19.22 lbs. 
Port Leyden. N. Y. Birch, beech and maple. 23.32 “ 
Midland, Mo. “ Hard .wood.”’ 20.00 
Duluth, Minn. “Soft wood.” OO © 
These figures show how extremely uncertain the estimate by bushels 
is as to the real quantity of fuel used per ton of iron. This subject will 
be treated further when discussing smelting. As to quality of charcoal, 
the smelters of the Hanging rock region claim that the second growth 
“sapling” charcoal is the best, carrying more ore to the bushel in the 
furnace. Whether this is, as is very probable, due to the increased weight — 
of the bushel, in this smaller and more compact product, the figures are 
wanting to decide. 
The Hanging Rock aeniens is one of the oldest in the county, and 
the character of the works is generally the same—small furnaces, stone 
stacks, and rather light and crude machinery. ‘These subjects will be 
discussed more fully further on in this report. 
For convenience of reference the following analysis of the ores of 
the district, some made in the Laboratory of the State University at 
Columbus, and others furnished by the kindness of some of the furnace 
companies in Lawrence county, are here given: 
1 2 3. 4 5 
Silica ec sere cutce. tc tosennee cen. BOR OME SOCEM 13 61 15.40 | 26.22 17.90 | 25.39 
FN KUN TWEE) Gapcqntaa 6adondb09060006 leon aeurice cement «be DOOR Reve eeces: CO ite hl RRR rae sconel naa aasbtpe 
OAC OIrOMy os. 5.40 ash seca ocean cence ee nate: ACD) lodosse sa0deo 61.34 CAR OOM cannes 
ILTIOTKS) Sco aces PRUE AAER SAAS osopcnObasaeasqOcboCC Eee 2: OO RI e- a 8e Be el aera eater 1.25 
IMagnesiain..coun:cssc.docustaeneececone eer OB Gf oeeesteuenaeces HORE [Ebe es dermal ed NSsaaiiaes 
SUlp Wun ieccaehe. vena cee eeeweere sete nseeameeses Oba Ree ee SUNN Eee ee £732 
Phosphoric acid ............. daa becustsstiondensodees OB Qc ceccenes 408 OUGS)|esoccn0c00d 
OXIdE, MAGNESIA: |. c0i.rs ec newesentes alten cee tel ee cece onal acer ense: ShOri wlioes ia raceecleeeeeeee 00 
TPO nis oe Sete ascot anne estes ween: seeder eats cies os 39.2 27.0 | 42.98 EEGIAD. |kpoccanoo60 
JE) OKGY=9 0) GVO) SU \S|  pochey cadoodoodoaooooKdo0G8sG0 80405. 0600b0||s05000000000 0.36 0.18 29 172 
