552 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
ameter, and then blasted with nitro-glycerine or dynamite ; this broke 
the salamanders into manageable pieces. Gunpowder failed to effect 
the rupture; the tube simply shot off like a gun, leaving the mass un- 
broken ; the high explosives answered the purpose, however. 
These masses when melted with coke in a high cupola furnace gave 
a fair iron, the carbon being added by the coke. | 
This statement of the method of working was made by the furnace 
company. The blasting was in operation at the furnace. The masses 
were sold to a furnace near Youngstown for melting. 
The following analysis of a salamander of another sort is added 
here as being of interest ; it is a series of fused mass of ash and slag, and 
is a good illustration of what coal ashes will do in the hearth: 
SLAG SALAMANDER. 
SUT CAY. cides sed scons fase de oSavgeaeaaabeteneuactensecevsccavesecelessamemeencsieee nemeceece 49.53 
ALUMI Asics Secbcciecscateeessesoasheaecsstnccessiessrerccseerasses[ascedsmemennaaoactdeses 22.18 
OxiGE/Of- ION | ice. cesseceess saesoowobeacuoasseue doseserccescunasesbuie wansemoscecete 9.16 
TANG 2e.6 ccaes. cavcnnctecaoveven cssceseacseel Sieedeutesseceessonesscscennmnecsstceas Cotes 15.23 
IMB ON ESI a i e.csecsecocsevecescocoesuatsetwesessccuecss donnocnesciosons dancoonueeeeescnes 2.12 
Opa (e Key ope Tom eeWaVegen V21=(2%4¢4060050000000008000000/900000000 40560 603400000060006000 086000000 2.00 
CONCLUSION. 
/ 
This review of iron smelting in Ohio shows that there is much 
to be done in the direction of improving the results obtained from raw 
coal smelting, and indicates the kind of experiments which must be 
made to effect this object. 
Careful analyses of all products and materials of the blast-furnaces, 
including, and perhaps most important of all, the analysis of the gas 
from the throat of the furnace, are necessary to intelligently compare 
the results of working between different furnaces and different sections. 
The mere knowledge of the fact that one furnace is making iron 
with so much coal, while another requires perhaps 30 per cent. more, is 
no indication that the first is doing better work than the second. The 
objects to be obtained in smelting are the utilization of the fuel applied, 
so that as little as is consistent with the character of the materials to 
be smelted may be used. ‘The objects that lead to the accomplishment 
of this result are the arranging of the furnace so as to entirely effect 
