BUILDING STONE. 981 
iferous formation makes its appearance in a ledge called the Braceville 
ridge, which rises to 100 feet above the flat surrounding country, and 
occupies a part of the four townships of Warren, Newton, Braceville, 
and Lordstown. It is almost entirely destitute of soil, and its promi- 
nent points are conspicuously grooved and striated by glaciers. This 
rock has been the dependence of several generations for building stone 
in the surrounding region, but no large quantity has ever been extracted 
at any one time. 
Over a surrounding area of 75 square miles whatever stone is used 
for foundations, well stones, and bridge stones is mainly taken from this 
ridge. ‘The quarry operations are mainly carried on in the way of 
“ gouging”’’—that is, in extracting the stone wherever it can be obtained 
to the best advantage without reference to future quarry operations. 
Although no quarries are systematically worked, several are in readiness 
for operation at any time; and it is safe to say that, in the aggregate, 
$1,000 worth of stone per year is extracted. The material is a strong 
and enduring sandstone, containing but few pebbles, and is of especial 
value since the flat country for many miles around is destitute of stone. 
The Berea grit is quarried extensively at Newburg and at Euclid, in 
Cuyahoga county. A quarry has been recently opened on the east side 
of the Cuyahoga river, near Independence, and the stone has also been 
quarried at East Cleveland. The smaller quarries have not been con- 
sidered in the tables. 
As a flagging material this stone is considered by many to have no 
equal in northern Ohio. It is now used almost exclusively for paving 
the sidewalks of Cleveland and of many other northern cities, especially 
in the state of Michigan. It is a fine-grained, compact sandstone of a 
very beautiful blue-gray color when first quarried, a circumstance which 
caused it to be extensively used for the trimmings of buildings, although 
its exposure to the weather has frequently modified its appearance. It 
is not considered safe to use this material for building purposes except 
for foundations and bridges, as it frequently contains iron sulphide, the 
oxidation of which produces stains; and when it has not this defect the 
color due to weathering is not so uniform when the face of the rock is 
exposed in a wallas when the bed is exposed inapavement. A greater 
amount of the sulphide of iron is contained in the stone at Newburgh 
than in that at Euclid; and it must be added that examples can be cited 
where the Euclid stone has presented an unmodified appearance after 
years of exposure in buildings. 
