582 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
The whole stratum of the rock at Euclid is about 20 feet in thick- 
ness, and the different sheets are from 2 to 4 feet thick. Asa rule the 
stone is sawed into slabs. 
The outcrop of the Berea grit comes from the northeast, and enters 
the county in Mayfield township. It has no special economic value in 
the northeast part of the county, but near Chagrin Falls, in the south- 
eastern part, it lies in thin sheets, and is quarried to some extent for 
flagging purposes. At Bedford it will not compare favorably with the 
stone from some of the other localities for purposes of building; but it 
is especially valuable for manufacturing into grindstones, which com- 
mand a high price in market. That variety of stone which is applicable 
for grinding springs is especially in demand. The material is a rather 
coarse grained and homogeneous sandstone, filled with little brown 
spots of iron oxide. In some portions of the stratum lenticular nodules 
of this oxide occur from one inch to several inches in diameter, and 
render these portions worthless; but as they occur only at certain 
horizons they are easily separated from the better material. 
At Independence a stone possessing more of the characteristics of the 
Amherst stone is quarried, especially applicable for the manufacture of 
erindstones, although it is used to a considerable extent as a building 
stone. The material has been used in the city hall and in some other 
buildings at Cleveland. These quarries are located in a bluff, the out- 
crop of stone being about 4 miles long and 1 mile wide, and usually 
covered by a drift deposit from 1 foot to 5 feet in depth, although in 
some localities the rock is quite bare. | 
The Berea grit is at this place only from 30 to 40 feet in thickness, 
and only the top 10 feet have been extensively quarried, as immediately 
below this there lies a stratum of worthless rock from 3 to 12 feet in 
thickness. Below this, good material for grindstones and building 
stones is obtained. This has been little quarried on account of the cost 
of drainage and that of removing the worthless rock referred to. Only 
large grindstones, which are best adapted for dry grinding, are manu- 
factured from this material, and it is said that the stones do not glaze 
when used for this purpose. This stone is especially valued for the 
grinding of wood pulp for paper manufacture. 
The statistics in the tables scarcely give a correct idea of the mag- 
nitude of the industry at Independence, as the rock has been quarried 
in many localities in this bluff besides those now operated. 
