592 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
The stratum in which the quarries near Massillon, Stark county, are 
located, according to the concurrent testimony of all the geologists of 
the Second Pennsylvania geological survey,is the second or middle 
sandstone of the great Carboniferous conglomerate; it immediately 
overlies and often cuts out the lowest coal, known as the Sharon seam. 
Dr. J. S. Newberry, in the Report on the Geological Survey of Ohio, con- 
fines the designation of Carboniferous conglomerate to the Sharon 
conglomerate which lies below the Sharon coal. The Massillon sand- 
stone, in the quarries near the town of Massillon, is quarried by means. 
of channeling and wedging. ‘The courses vary in thickness fron 2 to & 
feet, the lower courses being the thickest. The stratification is some- 
what undulating, and the courses are not uniform in thickness. Blocks 
of stone of any desired dimensions may be obtained from any of the 
quarries devoted to the production of building stone. The entire 
thickness of the stratum is about 60 feet. This material is employed 
principally for general building purposes, but it is also manufactured 
into grindstones, chiefly for dry grinding. According to the testimony 
of Mr. J. P. Burton, of Massillon, the Massillon sandstone, when sub- 
jected to a temperature of 900° F., yet remains in perfect condition. He 
has used the material for many years in his furnace-stack at the Mas- 
sillon blast-furnace ; and the stone which stood the above test was taken 
from the quarries of Messrs. Warthorst & Co. and used for a hearth. 
The texture of the stone is not the same in all the quarries about 
Massillon, and the finest-grained material is obtained from Mr. John 
Paul’s quarry, about 5 miles north of the town. The upper layers in 
this quarry are crushed for glass-sand and the lower layers for steel- 
sand, and but little of the material is used for purposes of construction. 
Powder is used for removing the cap-rock, which varies in the different 
quarries from 2 to 10 feet in depth, and for extracting the material for 
glass and steel-sand. 
All three horizons are worked for the Youngstown market. ‘The 
Briar Hill and Bear Den quarries belong to the middle horizon, and 
those of Austintown to the highest. The ledges in this locality, as a 
rule, grade upward in fineness, and the upper stones give the best results 
when dressed. All of them are nearly pure silex, and the waste material 
of the Briar Hill quarry is all ground or crushed and sold to the steel 
works; much of it is adapted also to coarse-glass manufacture. The 
rock of the middle ledge is colored in bands and lines with iron perox- 
