596 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
part of the county is occupied by the conglomerate and Coal-Measure 
rocks. The Waverly conglomerate crops out in bold cliffs over quite 
an extensive area in Madison and Hanover townships. It has been 
quite extensively quarried in this vicinity for use as material for con- 
struction on the lines of railroad running through this section of the 
county. It is a rather coarse-grained sandstone, in some localities quite 
uniform in texture, and in others containing pebbles sometimes an inch 
, in diameter. It is rather soft when first quarried, and works rather easily, 
but hardens on exposure. In some places sections of this conglomerate 
100 feet in thickness are exposed in ravines. The quarries now oper- 
ated are located in the banks on each side of the Licking river. One 
quarry is located in the north bank, at the foot of which runs the Ohio 
canal, which furnishes the means of transporting the material to Newark 
and Columbus, where it finds its principal markets. Another quarry is 
located in the south bank, at the foot of which passes the Baltimore 
and Ohio railroad. The material is used quite largely for heavy 
masonry along the lines of railroad, and for general building purposes 
at Newark and Columbus. It varies in color from gray to light brown. 
The cap-rock necessary to be removed seldom exceeds 4 feet in depth, 
and consists principally of soil, loose sand and gravel. 
This material may be obtained with equal advantage on the line of 
the Pan-Handle railroad, and there is no limit to the amount of strong 
and durable sandstone which may be extracted in this vicinity. A 
quarry 1% miles south of Newark, in the Cuyahoga shale, furnishes a 
fine-grained and homogeneous material, at present used principally 
for foundations at Newark and Columbus, Ohio. Trinity church, at 
the latter place, was constructed of this material, and the only defect 
noticed in the stone is the discoloration. It gives evidence of both 
strength and durability when laid on its natural bed and when it is 
quarried sufficiently early in the season to allow it to become thor- 
oughly dry before being subjected to the action of frost. 
The Waverly sandstone seen in Fairfield county in the cliffs 
along the Hocking river is generally coarse-grained, often passing into a 
true conglomerate ; and it shows the same character in the hills and 
hignlands west of the river. It is more commonly of a rich yellow 
color, but sometimes of a darkish brown. In many places the stone is 
firm in texture and capable of resisting great pressure without crushing. 
(a) The stratum in which the quarries near Lancaster are worked is 
(a) Geological Survey of Ohio, Vol. III, p. 594. Serene tetas, oF 
