BUILDING STONE. 597 
solid, and about thirty feet in thickness. There are but few joints, 
and the largest sized blocks may be obtained. The material is used 
principally for bridge construction, canal locks, and general building 
purposes. The principal markets for this material are Columbus, Cen- 
terville, and Lancaster, Ohio. The material for the superstructure of 
Saint Joseph’s cathedral at Columbus was obtained at the quarry of 
Messrs. Sharp & Crook, and that for the foundation of the same struc- 
ture from quarries in the Waverly conglomerate near Hanover, Licking 
county. The amount of cap-rock to be removed is from 3 to 4 feet in 
some localities, and as much as 25 feet in depth in other places. Pow- 
der is employed in quarrying. 
The Lithopolis quarries are located in the lower portion of the 
Cuyahoga shale of the Waverly group. There are several horizons of 
building stone in the Waverly group, but this particular portion of the 
Cuyahoga shale is quite rich in quarries, especially in southern Ohio. 
There isa number of important quarries in the upper member in different 
parts of the State, as indicated in the tables. The lower portion of the 
Cuyahoga shale has no economic importance in the northern part of the 
State. The only important quarry in the whole formation in north- 
ern Ohio is that of the Austin Flagstone Company, in the upper portion 
of the shale.. In southern Ohio the most important building-stone 
quarries are in the lower portion of this shale. 
| The stone quarried at Lithopolis and at other localities at or near 
the same horizon is commonly denominated freestone. It is a fine- 
grained sandstone, usually in quite thin courses; is sawed easily, and 
answers a very convenient purpose for caps, sills, and stone fronts. 
Columbus, Ohio, is the principal market for the product of the quarries. 
Stone for the ordinary purposes of construction may be obtained in 
various localities in Hocking county, but only one quarry is developed 
in the Waverly conglomerate near Logan, and the material from this 
has but recently come into the market through the facilities for trans- 
portation afforded by the construction of the Hocking Valley railroad. 
There are no important quarries below this point in the Hocking val- 
ley. The stratum of the Waverly conglomerate in this locality consists 
of three layers, each about 10 feet in thickness. The rock underlies an 
area of four or five acres with a cap-rock but a few feet in depth, con- 
sisting of clay and gravel, which is easily removed. The quarry is 
located close to the railroad and is capable of supplying any demand 
