598 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
for material likely to be made upon it. It findsits principal markets at 
Columbus, Lancaster, and London, Ohio, and has been shipped to some 
extent to Marion and Winnemac, Indiana. 
When a canal was constructed through the valley fifty years ago, 
it furnished easy transportation for the great ledges of sandstone that 
bound the valley for a dozen or more of miles, and the stone from 
Waverly, Pike county, soon became famous in Columbus and central 
Ohio generally as Waverly stone. The name was early extended to a 
great group of associated sandstone and shales of sub-Carboniferous age, 
as has recently been proved, but the real age was long an unsettled 
question; hence comes the Waverly group of Ohio geology. It is the 
first sandstone, except the local Euclid blue-stone, reached in ascending 
the geological scale of Ohio that can be quarried. The stratum is best | 
shown from Waverly south for 10 or 12 miles. It dips below drainage 
just south of the county line on the river’s bed. For these 10 or 12 
miles it is reached on all the ravines on each side of the river. The 
stone about Waverly has been followed back under such heavy cover 
that the increased expense of quarrying has ruled the material out of 
the market. A quarry at Piketon has just been made possible by the 
Scioto Valley railroad, constructed four years ago. ‘There is, however, 
no first-class stone now available in this quarry. There are 26 feet ex- 
posed in it in courses varying from 1% to 24 inches in thickness. There 
is a great amount of reliable stone in the stratum and a great amount 
that is treacherous. It is by no means equal in uniformity of quality 
to the Berea stone of northern Ohio. It formerly furnished a grind- 
stone grit of great local value. The stone is always ripple-marked and 
bears other evidence of having been formed on a shore-line. It is 
usually of a uniform gray color, but there is also a variegated variety 
clouded with red which is one of the most striking stones of the State. 
The above, however, is but an inadequate statement in regard to the 
range of quarries that for many years held the first place in southern 
Ohio. Many other ledges of at least equal value have now been ren- 
dered available by the new lines of railroad communication. __ 
The Waverly stone, where it has not been subjected to atmospheric 
influences, has the characteristic bluish-gray color of the Berea grit 
formation in other parts of the State. The difference in composition 
between the weathered portion and the blue-stone is shown in the fol- 
lowing analysis made by Professor Wormley for the Report on the Geo- 
logical Survey of Ohio: 
