196 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
The Lower Freeport limestone is worked on quite a large scale a 
mile below the point last named as a cement rock. It lies 68 feet above 
the Lower Kittanning coal. The Lower Freeport coal is but a few 
inches thick at this point, being cut out by the Upper Freeport sand- 
stone, which rests directly on it. It is 7 feet above the limestone, or 
75 feet above the Kittanning coal. The sandstone has a thickness of 
18 feet where it is shown. A fire-clay of some promise often comes in 
at this horizon. 
From New Lisbon perfect connections can be made, by means of 
the Freeport coals especially, with all the other sections of the county. 
The whole series can in fact be followed along the sides of the deep 
valleys that traverse the county. 
Two miles below New Lisbon the Lower Freeport seam was mined 
a number of years since under the name of the Whan coal. The coal 
had an excellent reputation, and was of good thickness, ranging from 4 
to 5 feet, but the field proved to be very limited, and it has been worked 
out. The main reliance of Elk Run, Middleton, and St. Clair town- 
ships is the Upper Freeport coal, which is opened in many farmers’ 
banks. It holds its usual character throughout the region. — 
From the main valley of Little Beaver we can follow the section 
with which we have been engaged, in whole or in part, in three direc- 
tions, viz., southward into the Ohio Valley, and through this to the 
Yellow Creek Mining District, of which Salineville may be taken as 
the center, westward by the West Fork Valley to Millport and Rochester, 
and northward by the East Fork to the East Palestine and State Line 
coal fields. 7 
The first and the last of these localities constitute the most im- 
portant mining centers of the county, and are among the most important 
of this section of the State. They will be briefly described. — 
THe East PALESTINE AND STATE LINE CoAaL FIELD. 
The Ohio portion of these mines is included in Unity township. 
Two seams contribute to the production, viz., the Upper Freeport and 
the Brush Creek seams, Newberry’s No. 6 and No. 7 for this region. 
The former is by far the more important, being at present the only 
seam worked. ‘Two mines are now running at this point, viz., the State 
Line mine, and the Prospect mine. The whole output of the former 
goes to the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad. It employs 
