THE LOWER COAL MEASURES. 197 
350 men, and sends out an average of more than 650 tons daily. The 
railroad company is about erecting dumps for the supply of their 
engines at this point. 
The seam has a general thickness of 3 ft. 8 in. in this field. @&The 
thinnest coal found in the State Line mine is 3 ft. 4 in., and the thickest 
4 ft.10in. The quality proves best where the coal is thickest. The 
structure of the seam is as follows: 
FiGVRE ACV 
STRUCTURE OF UPPER FREEPORT 
COAL (N26 OF NEWBERRY ) AT. STATE LINE 
MINE, EAST PALESTIN 
Welinadens g Daw det one 
Black Slee === 
C iN Moc Sits See eM Ne yetea Aube: SUN. ae 2 Re 
PCO Ces ee 2! 
C QUA ee A Ss tie ee es / g W 
1 ee Rs * 
¥ Eee port, 1IAe stowe fash a 
When the coal strengthens, it is generally the upper bench that is 
re-enforced. Great differences in the quality of the coal are found in 
different portions of the mine. Like the Upper Freeport seam every- 
where in Ohio, the coal, although it can be mined in large blocks, is 
still tender under handling. The upper bench is traversed by a great 
number of slate and sulphur binders, which are irregular and inconstant, 
but which make an element of weakness in the coal. The cleavage is 
very well marked, and all of the workings are carried in upon its 
planes. The frequency of the joints contributes to the weakness of the 
coal. 
About 4 of the coal goes through a screen of 1§ inches between 
the bars. Of this fine coal three grades are made, viz., No. 1 or nut 
coal; No. 2, large pea coal; and No. 3, small pea coal. The nut goes 
with the lump coal into the railroad supply. The pea coal, after being 
