THE LOWER COAL MEASURES. 215 
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The coal is hard, bright and clean, and this seam, next to the 
Lower Freeport, is the main reliance of the county, so far as the lower 
coals are concerned. 
There is a good deal of territory in which the Brush Creek coal 
exceeds the Lower Freeport in value. The value of this seam is, of 
course, greatly enhanced by the fact that the Upper Freeport disappears 
from the scale so abruptly and absolutely for the greater part of the 
county. 
The importance of the Steubenville coal field is so great that a 
distinct and somewhat extended description of its present state will 
here be given. 
THE STEUBENVILLE FIELD. 
This is one of the oldest and best-known of the Ohio coal fields. 
Its main element is the seam known as the Steubenville Shaft coal, 
which has been shown in the preceding chapter, p. 62, to be the ex- 
tension of the Roger coal of Columbiana county, and the Lower Free- 
port seam of the general section. ‘The first shaft was sunk to it in 1855, 
but it was 6 or 8 years after this before the mining of the seam acquired 
considerable proportions. A seam that lies from 28 to 45 feet below 
the Shaft coal has been reached in a number of the mines, but thofigh 
its thickness is. good, ja maximum of 4 ft. 10 in. being reported, its 
value has not yet been well established. The tests already made do 
not indicate a coal of the best character, but a shaft is now being sunk 
to it in the Averick mine (Ohio and Pennsylvania Coal Company), and 
a thorough test will be made of its quality and adaptations. It appears 
to be the Upper Kittanning coal of the Pennsylvania series, which is 
known through the Ohio Valley, above Steubenville, as the eighteen- 
inch seam, and which rarely exceeds the measure that its name indi- 
cates. 
