THE LOWER COAL MEASURES. 233 
Greentown coal mapper OCMC Mecnusteneracmescessesesatatees sees cecesselieseeess Lord. 
IMOIStUTE! cee Ae seets Maree serene FOCIO OCC HER CH On ECE ROSE SaCICOR EERO CORE ASOD RE CSE 3.71 
Wiolatilemm ater yest stccs-cstentenesttevlentcse costacace STS RITA 08d 42.50 
UES CARCAT DOM Pcamaccto cores ceooiee se totus eect tecesije's ctgees lala bre gars warteloysta wsiare wetece se 48.85 
WANS Migros yeciee seca dc canncscivacssemasionne dole eusssitie’s unis cise de teeesisessesilesienc ssa sbeest 4.94 
Mo tall eemane wee acec ne esac sustubaestnene sodscnevonunseocshtasaawesst ods 100.CO 
Suillplatigpesscocesccsasecoesssacouses istayie seacsee ews cciucotatoes sees stnedcusess 3.73 
The percentage of sulphur is large, but this is the only notable 
drawback. 
Below the two-inch clay parting a layer of “bone coal” or lean 
cannel occurs. It has no place in the general market, but it is some- 
times turned to a small account in local use. 
The lower bench has at times an extra parting in the shape of a 
sulphur binder, about 1 foot from the bottom, and it generally contains 
many thin bands of mineral charcoal, charged with pyrites, which are 
known as “black sulphur.” The lowermost foot of the seam is worse 
in this respect. From this structure it is apparent that the coal will 
mine small, and will prove a dirty seam. It yields an excessive amount 
of dark gray ash, and tends to form a troublesome clinker, or in the 
common phrase, to “run on the grate bars.” 
_ These facts put it at disadvantage as domestic fuel, but the product 
of both benches is said to give fair satisfaction as a steam coal. 
The lower bench is counted richer in bitumen than the upper. It 
is certainly less open-burning in character. Its average composition is 
shown in the following analysis: 
Greentowmircoal! lOWeriDENClivcccccccssececsccvecececsscussccaccsscerns sosceacences Lord 
WO TETEDIRD oN GSOSSER COCO SHORTED O SOCIO ER ERSTE OO CEE eee Ene aera 3.71 
Ol atilepnvatte rae stcaessoree entice rca coo eerod cal soeee cc calien es soseneseces 40.53 
PE CCATOO Mum mete eases eect arena. wants sale hN alates cis cieedz ens alcleWedae Re bieas oc 42.09 
PAS TN eee aes eet see ee mei ee See oes ociohiisteldeld daa ah ieee oboe deddoc es cbSune Sowatce 12.79 
MOtalesicsergeeste snes SSSR OCC CUSCEOD ERIC OC OnE COLE CEC DUCE RST OC RE RE REEe 100 
Sul plnunwarenecteere cece sae leviasne eee caeeuununcos coescetieees esccewaceaveenesse 5.74 
The statements made above as to the character of this bench were 
derived from the testimony of those who had used it, but they will be 
seen to be borne out entirely by the results of analysis. The ash and 
sulphur together form 18.53 per cent. of the whole, and would necessarily 
produce the unfavorable results that have been noted. 
If the upper bench were mined by itself, it could enter the market 
under fair conditions for competition. The “ bearing in” could all be 
