258 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
county are all established in this seam. ‘The Lower Kittanning coal 
(No. 5 of Newberry) is next in value. It is mined for the market in 
two townships, and is worked besides in numerous country banks. There 
are also important deposits of fire-clay and iron ore included in the 
Kittanning series, which are extensively worked within the county. 
Neither of the Freeport coals are shipped from within the county limits — 
at the present time, though at several points each is found of mineable 
thickness. The Upper Freeport horizon holds, however, quite as con- 
spicuous a place, and quite as great economic value as the best develop- 
ment of its coal could give to it, for it is the famous blackband iron ore 
horizon of the county. 
In addition to the economic elements already noted, there are 
several salt wells in the county that derive their brine from the Berea 
Grit of the Sub-carboniferous formation, which is quite deeply buried 
here. 
All of these elements, coal mines, ore beds and salt wells are 
indicated in the accompanying sketch map of the county. The most 
interesting feature of the map is the careful location of the blackband 
deposits of the county, as far as they are now known. 
Tue Trongesta Coat (Coat No. 36). 
The coal seam identified as the Tionesta coal is confined in its 
valuable development to Lawrence, and possibly Franklin, Wayne and 
Sugar Creek townships. Even here it is of no great importance. 
The position of the seam is from 10 to 15 feet above the Upper 
Mercer limestone, and about 35 feet below the Putnam Hill limestone. 
Its place and relations are well shown in the Bolivar section, recorded 
on page 67. | 
The coal maintains a good thickness through several square miles 
of territory to the west and south of Bolivar, and it is accordingly 
known as the Bolivar coal. It has been worked on a number of farms, 
viz., on the Belknap, Zutavern, and Baker farms. At present it is 
mined only on the last, and here in a small and inefficient way. The 
structure of the seam is shown in the subjoined diagram : 
