268 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
average output is 3 tons or possibly 33 tons of clean coal. The screens 
in use are mainly 14 inches in the mesh. The nut and slack are gen- 
erally run together, making a merchantable product, in demand for 
steam purposes. 
Royalty is generally paid on clean coal, and the usual rate is 14 
cents per ton of 2,000 lbs. 
The round or lump coal is much valued for domestic uses in the 
county, but when compared with Massillon coal it is at somewhat of a 
disadvantage. Consequently when the coal reaches the lake markets it 
is mainly confined in its uses to steam production. It is a favorite fuel 
on lake steamers, and is widely used for locomotives. 
The seam is in reality a three-benched coal, but it is often worked 
in such a way as to show only one main and regular parting. 
The uppermost bench is an impure and slaty coal, that is locally 
known by the name of cash. This cash is generally left in the mine to 
form the roof, unless it is taken down in the main entries to give height. 
It gives a safe and permanent roof. Above the cash, which ranges 
from 4 to 8 inches in thickness, there are several feet of shale that 
slacks, upon the access of the air, and comes down in a dangerous way. 
In these roof shales are many large calcareous nodules or concretions, 
filled with beautifully preserved Coal Measure fossils. ‘The shells of 
Producta are especially numerous and fine. These concretions will 
doubtless yield hydraulic cement when properly treated, as is inferred 
from their composition, but the number brought out may not be large 
enough to lend any value to the fact. 
The floor of the coal is a soft clay. No rock intervenes between 
this seam and the next coal below, as a general rule. This fact 
necessitates the leaving of large pillars, which are from 21 to 25 feet in 
width. Rooms are generally worked 25 feet wide. The pillars are 
“‘ gripped ”’,at the entrance of the rooms, to confer additional strength. 
The main parting of the worked portion of the seam is sometimes 
not more than 6 inches from the bottom, and sometimes it is as much 
as 21 inches. It is a sulphurous slate, and is known everywhere as the 
“copperas band.” It finds market in Cleveland for the manufacture of 
sulphuric acid, and considerable quantities of it are shipped for this 
purpose. Other partings and slates are found in different mines or in 
different portions of the same mine, and masses of pyrites frequently 
occur. 
