288 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
It is here doubled, but it is the upper bench that is chiefly mined. 
The structure of the seam is shown in the preceding diagram. 
The lower coal is so sulphurous and impure, and the intervening 
clay is so hard and stubborn, that the miner finds no advantage in going 
below the main bench. A considerable quantity of coal has been taken 
from this bank. There are other showings of the seam of the same 
character in this and in the adjoining townships of Knox and Adams, 
and also in Westland township. 
The duplication already described seems to be common, if not gen- 
eral, throughout this district. This structure is well exhibited in an 
entry driven in upon the coal by Messrs. Steele, Lanfesty and Ringer, 
in Westland township, near Cassell’s Station. The double seam has 
fine volume, but the intervening clay is very hard to mine, and the 
lower coal is not of as good quality as the upper bench. The latter is 
divided by several inconstant sulphur “ binders,” but, on the whole, 
shows fair and marketable coal. A county mine on the Farrar farm, 
adjoining the last-named drift, has been worked for 30 years. Here, 
too, only the upper bench is taken, which is scant three feet in thick- 
ness, but of approved quality. The structure of the coal at the Ringer 
bank is shown in the following figure: 
FIGURE LXV 
STRUCTURE OF CAMBRIDGE COAL SEAM AT 
STEELE, LANFESTY AND RINGERS MINE 
Sandstone -Malonin ud | 
(Goose ord pebbly ) 
Bhacke aad \\we stvabe----- /3° 
Cuutkh, vuron Lars) 
Coal will ET tee 
< tings 
Fuve-clay sadly in bough 
Coal - poor quality a | ; uf." ! 
There is, without doubt, a large amount of fuel scattered through 
the townships already named, at the Upper Freeport horizon. Some 
of these local beds will probably be found to furnish a fit basis for ship- 
