540 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
butt entries, from which coal is hauled. These entries are double in 
starting, but the two come together to facilitate hitching. The mine 
cars hold 30 hundred screened coal, and three trips per hour are 
averaged, equal to 108 tons of lump coal. This does away with 12 
horses, which, with drivers, would cost $30 a day. The cost now is 
$7.50 per day only, three men being employed with the machinery. 
The mine it getting out 700 tons of lump coal a day, which will be 
increased to 1,000 tons a day, as soon as sufficient mine cars are made. | 
The company commenced putting in this machinery January last, when 
the trade fell off, and brought out the first coal in three weeks. ‘There 
was some difficulty and delay at first in getting the machinery to work 
well. “here are three curves on the road, the first being 37 degrees. 
The cars come around this curve without any trouble now. The 
arrangement is admirable. 
The new and extensive mines of the Murray City Coal Company, 
in the Hocking Valley, have been fitted up with machinery for raising 
coal, of unsurpassed excellence. The opening of the mine is a slope, 
which dips one foot in five, and the machinery for hauling out the coal 
consists of an endless wire rope, operated by a stationary engine placed 
at the top of the slope. The hauling road is double, and loaded cars come 
up on one track as the empty cars descend the other. The cars attach 
themselves to the wire rope by means of an automatic clamp; the rope 
never stops, and the cars attach themselves to it as soon as they are 
brought to the bottom of the slope. On being delivered at the knuckle 
they detach themselves, pass forward into the dump-house, and tip of | 
their own accord over a Mitchell dump, one of the best arrangements 
for dumping coal ever contrived. This dump is so constructed that the 
loaded car tips over automatically, its speed being regulated by a brake, 
the handle of which is within easy reach of the dumpman. After the 
car is emptied, it falls back in place, and the advancing loaded car 
strikes a spring, which throws the tip irons outward. The loaded car 
then strikes the empty one standing on the tipple, and pushes it forward 
out of the way, the tip iron then springs back in place, and holds the 
loaded car, which is dumped in turn. The empty car moves forward 
on a gently declining grade to a Y-switch. The road immediately 
beyond this switch is graded upward, and the empty car reverses its 
motion, runs back into the switch, is caught by the automatic clamp of 
the wire rope, and lowered down the slope into the mine. Only one 
