THE IRON ORES. 397 
There are several heavy layers over Steele and Lanfesty’s coal on 
the Ringer farm, near Cassell’s Station. Analysis shows the following 
composition : (8 
Iron SHALE OVER Upper FrreEporT Coa at CassELy’s Station. (Lord.) 
STNG oc coc dat aa nnoSicdod BERR GBSCORBDOAS aa CSOETcS IE EHEEE GE OARS ManeCenED aaNet ER anaes 35.34 
LOLORAAELO MEO MGs octeces cero repos ae re irs wae wea too eee Tens slslegeawe see see sKebeleseess 77 
SESGWMO IG COLTON ccc. cesaseeteerestesccecesass sect eossenacs sosesccsenativeckes 17.15 
Mrctalll emir noee meee tes eum ere en MTN Sais era ol ares decttakebaves 12.60 
SH OSPDENOGUSRscte hs cree scents sae oor tee etree oe eee see ilonese nibcstidccheesteceresuaedsnosses 0.166 
POLED OU? oe56406801500060000840800 05eHS90G0560 00 0B0 SIE COB DOGO Moosic acne svn Sesectaeeeedon ss 13.02 
The deposit has no value unless as a possible source of sulphur. 
As already stated, the blackband carries enough carbonaceous 
matter to effect its own calcination when properly ignited. The chief 
difficulty in calcining it, in fact, arises from excess of fuel. A tough 
and flexible silicate of iron often forms into an “iron hat” near the 
upper surface of the kiln, when the heat has been brought to too high 
a point. This covering is sometimes 12 to 18 inches thick, and very 
hard to dislodge or break through, and an extensive crust of it detracts 
very much from the value of a kiln. 
Kilns for calcining the blackband are generally made 120x30x7 
feet. The height of the kiln must be proportioned to the amount of 
carbonaceous matter in the ore. Too high a heat, together with an in- 
sufficient supply of air, leads to the formation of the “iron hat” already 
noticed. Kilns require 3 or 4.months’ time for burning, and after 
being once ignited, demand but little care. Each kiln yields about 
600 tons of calcined ore, which overruns 50 per cent. in metallic iron. 
The price for the raw ore in the hill usually ranges between 20 
and 35 cents per ton. 
This completes the account of the Tuscarawas blackband field. No 
explorations of new territory have been attempted, but the sole aim of 
the present survey has been to indicate the present state of development 
of the field. The maps of the leading areas appear here for the first 
time, as does also the general blackband area of the county (page 257). 
Doubtless, many additions will be made to the tracts already known, 
but it is probable that the larger bodies have been already struck, as a 
good deal of intelligent and expensive proving has been carried on 
within the last 10 or 15 years throughout the available territory. 
