622 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 
The stone is exceedingly strong, 2-inch cubes having been found to stand 
a pressure of over 50,000 pounds. The quarries produce no waste 
material, as their spalls are saved to be burned into lime of fair quality. 
Perpetual kilns are set upon the edge of the Greenfield quarries, the 
floors of which are kept clean and free from accumulations of refuse of 
any kind, and the lime produced is similar to that obtained from the 
Niagara formations, but it possessess in some degree hydraulic properties 
which make it especially adaptable for outside work. 
The stone produced is drab in color when first raised, but upon 
exposure it generally acquires a yellowish-brown shade. It is ordinarily 
used only for the rougher purposes of construction and for flaggings and 
curbings, but, by proper selection and skillful dressing, stone can be 
obtained from the quarries that produce a good architectural effect. 
Without such an exercise of taste and judgment, the stone does not 
appear well, owing to its monotonous gray color, which contrasts un- 
pleasantly with the white lines of mortar. On the other hand, its 
regular bedding renders it peculiarly suitable for ordinary purposes, as 
it can be laid upon its even bed surfaces easily, and therefore can be 
worked with facility and economy. The stone findsits principal market 
in Cincinnati. | 
Tt will be noticed that of the large quarries which supply the Cin- 
cinnati market but one is in Highland county. ‘The other is situated in 
the town of Greenfield, in Ross county. Inthe Highland County quarry 
one-twentieth of the profit results from the sale of lime, but in the Ross 
County quarry more than one-half is burned. 
In the Ross County quarry the section shows 42 feet of stone dis- 
posed in layers, all of which are available. The quarry is capped by 
10 feet of drift material, which constitutes all of the stripping. The 
Highland County quarry shows 35 feet of stone of a like character over- 
laid by 6 feet of drift. | 
The stone in the main is non-fossiliferous, but upon the surfaces of 
a few layers there are found the forms of the Leperditia alta, which is a 
characteristic fossil of the Helderberg formation. A layer of concretions 
from 1 inch to 3 inches in diameter is found in the upper part of the 
section, and short cylindrical columns which fall out, leaving cylindrical 
cavities in the stone 3 or 4 inches in diameter, occur in considerable 
numbers, and which are supposed to be due to the effects of pressure. 
Nodules of zinc-blende are not uncommon in the Greenfield stone, 
